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Roy S. Whitson L. A. Crowder 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):545-562
Abstract The effect of toxaphene upon ion fluxes of the central nervous system (CNS) of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana (L.), was studied in vitro. The CNS, divided into three sections (brain, thoracic, and abdominal), was exposed to 10 M toxaphene in saline containing 24Na+, 42K+, 36Cl‐, or 45Ca++. Uptake and efflux of these ions were evaluated. Toxaphene was responsible for significant increases in the internal levels of 42K+ and 45Ca++, but had little affect upon Na or 36Cl‐ movements. The resulting concentration changes of the ions may be involved in the neural activity observed with toxaphene poisoning. Of the three CNS sections, significant changes were more numerous and occurred earlier in abdominal sections. 相似文献
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Summary In four fruit-eating bats sniff-rate analysis revealed the threshold value for natural banana odour to be 1 × 10–4 vol% of head-space while the threshold values for its major components were found to be 3–6 orders of magnitude higher; even the total of molecules present at the threshold dilution of banana odour was 2 orders of magnitude below the lowest threshold values obtained for single components. Thus, the responsiveness of the bats to threshold concentration of natural banana odour is discussed as an example of synergism of stimuli. 相似文献
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为观察新生鼠全氟辛烷磺酸(PFOS)低剂量慢暴露对其成年后神经行为和海马组织影响,选取出生后5-7 d雄性SD幼鼠80只,按体重随机分为4组,分别为对照组(Con)、低剂量组(P5)、中剂量组(P10)、高剂量组(P20),每组各20只。从PND7开始染毒,共染毒12周,动态记录体重,并进行水迷宫、旷场实验、滚轮实验观察神经行为变化,同时取材进行HE染色,观察海马形态学改变。结果显示与Con组比较,P20组染毒8 d后出现体重增长减缓(P0.05),4周时P10和P20组死亡率明显升高;并且P10、P20组在4周,P5组在8周时,水迷宫实验逃逸潜伏期延长,目标象限停留时间缩短;P10、P20组大鼠在4周,P5组在8周时,旷场实验中央格停留时间延长,站立次数减少,行走总距离缩短;滚轮试验中,对照组和P5组肢体运动协调能力无显著性差异。P5组在染毒12周时出现海马神经元排列紊乱,胞核固缩及胞体胀大,CA1区细胞和齿状回闩区神经前体细胞数量明显少于Con组(P0.01)。上述结果表明,大鼠幼年PFOS低剂量慢暴露可损害其成年后空间学习记忆及自主探究能力,这种损害可能与海马神经元发生不足有关 相似文献
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Keith M. White Jerome J. Congleton Olga J. Pendleton R. Dale Huchingson Rodger J. Koppa 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(4):315-335
This research used distal motor latency (DML) and vibration thresholds (VT) to evaluate 84 hand activity and wrist deviation combinations to determine the best association with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). Female volunteers, 2 healthy and 2 CTS diagnosed, were age matched and operated a keyboard for 4 hrs a day. Room temperature was 28°C(±2). Beginning DML and VT were taken with a relaxed neutral posture hand. The wrist was deviated in a randomly selected combination, and determinations were taken at 5-min intervals. The trial ended at 20 min or when discomfort was felt. The CTS conditions were discriminated by pain four times, DML once, and VT 14 times. Vibrometry was the most consistent CTS discriminator. The best VT results for wrist positions were obtained with wrist extension and extended extension, whereas the unclenched, clenched, and loaded power grip activities proved to be the most consistent hand activities. 相似文献
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藻源性湖泛发生过程的季节差异 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
藻源性湖泛在春季和夏季均有发生,但湖泛发生的完整过程在野外很难被追踪到.本文利用专利装置进行了春季与夏季藻源性湖泛的室内发生模拟,研究了湖泛发生过程中水体视觉和嗅觉两方面特征指标的变化过程.结果表明:湖泛在春季比夏季需要更长的酝酿时间方可发生,且持续时间较短;春季湖泛发生时水体真色度与悬浮固体含量均要高于夏季,且波动更显著;夏季湖泛致臭物质的变化较春季更明显,具有迅速、持久的特点;春季与夏季藻源性湖泛过程均具有嗅觉特征先于视觉效果显现的现象,即呈现先臭后黑的特点. 相似文献
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利用神经网络法对广西山口红树林保护区2003年1月8日获取的Landsat TM 卫星图像进行分类.Landsat TM5卫星数据的3、4、5假彩色合成图像空间分辨率比较好,影像层次丰富,地物界限清晰.因此,采用3、4、5波段作为输入层.经过目视判读和现场调查,将输出层单元设置为5个,包括是红树林、陆地植被、裸地(其他建筑用地)、水体和虾池.经过流程实际运算和精度对比,设定训练阈值的贡献是0.9,训练率是0.2,训练次数是1000,最大个体允许误差为0.1.分类精度达到86.86%,高于最大似然分类(50.79%)和光谱角分类精度(75.39%),从而最终获取红树林生态系统的景观格局指标.结果显示研究区红树林均匀度(1.7789)和聚集度指数(0.6854)较高;红树林种类的优势度指数是-1.5850,为弱势群体;红树林的斑块破碎化指数是0.0325,破碎化程度较低. 相似文献
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We suggest that general systems theory provides a common philosophical basis for dialog between ecological and social scientists interested in studying the reciprocal interactions of humans and their environment. We (1) provide a synopsis of the ‘systems approach' as viewed from the biological and social sciences, respectively; (2) develop a conceptual framework for the explicit linking of ecological and social variables, and (3) draw upon game theoretic results of the Prisoner's Dilemma to represent human decision-making quantitatively in a model that simulates the tragedy of the commons. The model consists of 5 submodels that represent the ‘observers world' and each of 4 ‘participant's worlds.' The observer's-world represents the decision processes, either Optimize or Tit-for-Tat, by which each of 2 users decides to add or remove animals. The 4 perceived worlds represent hypothetical situations in which (1) persons A and B both add an animal; (2) A adds and B does not; (3) B adds and A does not, and (4) neither A nor B add an animal. Simulation results indicate that net worth of the community and of each person individually under Tit-for-Tat is more than double the net worth attained under Optimize. Replacement of the static payoff matrix assumed in game theory with a dynamic quantitative model illustrates how ‘norm-based' approaches to ecosystem management can outperform optimizing approaches based on predicted outcomes. Although ‘soft systems' techniques may better help decision-makers reach norm-based agreements on ecosystem management, quantitative models have more explanatory value, and if developed sufficiently such models could incorporate complex social dimensions that would enhance further their explanatory value. 相似文献