麻疯树愈伤组织的诱导及快速繁殖

以麻疯树(Jatropha curcas)的种子、叶柄、叶片为实验材料进行愈伤组织的诱导及快速繁殖的实验．用不同浓度的BA和IBA对其不同外植体进行试验，发现用MS培养基加0．5mg／LBA和1mg／L IBA对叶片的效果最佳．在相同BA浓度处理条件下，减小IBA浓度会对下胚轴愈伤组织的出芽产生明显的效果．叶柄要求的浓度更低，0．1mg／L BA和0．1mg／L IBA为最佳．不定芽在无激素的MS培养基中进行生根培养，通过几天的练苗过程，就能转到土壤中生长．图1表2参13     

Effect of Cuscuta campestris parasitism on the physiological and anatomical changes in untreated and herbicide-treated sugar beet

The effects of field dodder on physiological and anatomical processes in untreated sugar beet plants and the effects of propyzamide on field dodder were examined under controlled conditions. The experiment included the following variants: N—noninfested sugar beet plants (control); I - infested sugar beet plants (untreated), and infested plants treated with propyzamide (1500 g a.i. ha^?1 (T₁) and 2000 g a.i. ha^?1(T₂)). The following parameters were checked: physiological—pigment contents (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total carotenoids); anatomical -leaf parameters: thickness of epidermis, parenchyma and spongy tissue, mesophyll and underside leaf epidermis, and diameter of bundle sheath cells; petiole parameters: diameter of tracheid, petiole hydraulic conductance, xylem surface, phloem cell diameter and phloem area in sugar beet plants. A conventional paraffin wax method was used to prepare the samples for microscopy. Pigment contents were measured spectrophotometrically after methanol extraction. All parameters were measured: prior to herbicide application (0 assessment), then 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days after application (DAA). Field dodder was found to affect the pigment contents in untreated sugar beet plants, causing significant reductions. Conversely, reduction in the treated plants decreased 27% to 4% for chlorophyll a, from 21% to 5% for chlorophyll b, and from 28% to 5% for carotenoids (T₁). Also, in treatment T_2, reduction decreased in infested and treated plants from 19% to 2% for chlorophyll a, from 21% to 2% for chlorophyll b, from 23% to 3% for carotenoids and stimulation of 1% and 2% was observed 28 and 35 DAA, respectively. Plants infested (untreated) by field dodder had lower values of most anatomical parameters, compared to noninfested plants. The measured anatomical parameters of sugar beet leaves and petiole had significantly higher values in noninfested plants and plants treated with propyzamide than in untreated plants. Also, the results showed that propyzamide is an adequate herbicide for control of field dodder at the stage of early infestation.     

Morphological plasticity of submerged macrophyte Potamogeton wrightii Morong under different photoperiods and nutrient conditions

The morphological plasticity of the submerged macrophyte Potamogeton wrightii under different nutrient conditions and photoperiods was measured in a laboratory controlled experiment for 70 days in Japan. Six treatments were used in this experiment (3 × 2 factorial design with three replications) which consisted of three photoperiods and two nutrient conditions. Both photoperiod and nutrient condition had a pronounced effect on shoot and leaf morphology in P. wrightii. New shoot recruitment, and the length of main and new shoots gradually decreased with shortening photoperiod under both nutrient treatments. Plants under an 8 h photoperiod and high nutrient levels generated significantly more dead leaves (7.42 leaf·shoot^?1) and decomposed shoots (1.3 shoots·pot^?1) than plants under other treatments. Under short photoperiods (12 and 8 h) plants failed to produce flowering spikes in both nutrient conditions. In high nutrient conditions, P. wrightii produced shorter shoots, fewer leaves with shorter and narrower laminas, and smaller petioles compared with plants in the low nutrient condition. This may be adaptive under high nutrient conditions because it lowers foliar uptake and, thus, nutrient toxicity.     

荷梗生物炭理化性质及其对水中Cd的吸附机制

为探究HBC（荷梗生物炭）的基本理化性质及其对水中Cd2+的吸附机制,以荷梗为原料,在300~700℃热解温度下制得HBC,通过灰分分析、元素分析、SEM（扫描电镜）分析及FTIR（傅里叶红外光谱）分析初步探明HBC的基本理化性质并确定其最优热解温度,同时利用经典的吸附动力学模型和等温吸附模型对HBC吸附水中Cd2+的内在机制进行分析.结果表明:HBC的最优热解温度为400℃,灰分物质显著影响了HBC的pH,进而对其吸附性能产生影响.SEM分析结果显示,HBC具有发达的多孔结构,其中400℃下制备的HBC（记为HBC-400）多孔结构最优.元素分析结果显示,HBC中φ（C）逐渐升高而H/C[φ（H）/φ（C））]、O/C[φ（O）/φ（C）]下降,表明随热解温度升高HBC逐渐失水且炭化程度逐渐增强.FTIR分析表明,HBC表面存在大量羟基、羧基和羰基等含氧官能团,随热解温度升高,HBC芳构化程度增强而表面官能团丰度降低.试验条件下,HBC对Cd2+的平衡吸附量已达39.239 mg/g,吸附平衡时间为600 min.通过对吸附动力学及等温吸附模型拟合结果分析可知,水中Cd2+在HBC上的吸附是发生在多相异构表面的多分子层混合吸附.综合考虑HBC的理化性质及模型拟合结果可以推测Cd2+在HBC上的吸附可分为3个过程:① Cd2+在浓度梯度力作用下由溶液迅速扩散到HBC表面.② Cd2+与HBC表面官能团发生络合、离子交换反应,与金属氧化物、碳酸盐等发生共沉淀反应.③ Cd2+扩散到HBC的多孔结构中,与苯环上普遍存在的π电子结构发生阳离子-π作用.研究显示,HBC具有碱性、发达的多孔结构、丰富的表面官能团和高稳定性等优良性质,HBC对水中Cd2+的吸附是在其多孔介质表面进行的化学主导吸附过程,因此,可为生物炭类环境功能材料的研制提供选材依据.