春季太湖光量子产额空间分布的特征分析

基于2009年4月28日、5月4日、5月5日及5月6日在太湖梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区、太湖中心及胥口湾中心测定的初级生产力及水下光场数据,计算了各测点的藻类光量子产额和P-I曲线,并分析了其空间差异的特征.太湖栈桥头的P-I曲线呈现出明显的光抑制现象;在胥口湾中心和直湖港河口,P-I曲线呈现出弱的光抑制现象;而在太湖中心区域,P-I曲线只达到了光饱和状态,并未出现光抑制现象.单位叶绿素a的最大光量子产额的大小顺序为太湖中心区域、梅梁湾的栈桥头、直湖港的河口区及胥口湾的湖心区.     

Combined effect of diuron and simazine on photosystem II photochemistry in a sandy soil and soil amended with solid olive-mill waste

Diuron (3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)- = 1,1-dimethylurea) and simazine (6-chloro-N ², N ⁴-diethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) are soil-applied herbicides used in olive crops. The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of these herbicides on Photosystem II photochemistry of Olea europaea L., and whether the amendment of soil with an organic waste (OW) from olive oil production industry modifies this effect. For this purpose, herbicide soil adsorption studies, with unamended and OW-amended soil, and chlorophyll fluorescence measurements in adult olive leaves, after one, two and three weeks of soil herbicide treatment and/or OW amendment, were performed. Soil application of these herbicides reduced the efficiency of Photosystem II photochemistry of olive trees due to chronic photoinhibition, and this effect is counterbalanced by the addition of OW to the soil. OW reduces herbicide uptake by the plant due to an increase in herbicide adsorption.     

干热河谷主要造林树种光合作用光抑制的防御机制

比较研究了干热河谷8个造林树种气孔导度、光合色素、叶绿索荧光的日变化和季节变化，结果表明：①气孔导度雨季较高，多呈“午睡”现象的双峰曲线日进程，旱季气孔导度很低，全呈单峰曲线日进程；叶绿素荧光动力学参数Fv／Fm呈反正态分布曲线日进程，qP和φPsⅡ呈正态分布曲线日进程，白昼qNP随时间呈上升趋势，表明树种启动了过剩激发能耗散功能．②叶绿素总含量、叶绿素a／b值及类胡萝卜素／叶绿素值从雨季到旱季都呈下降趋势，减少了对光能的吸收．③旱季马占相思(Acacia mangium)、刺槐(Robinia pseudoacacia)的Fv／Fm值明显低于雨季值，差异显著，发生了严重的光抑制；qP和qNP值除赤桉(Eucalyptus dulebsis)变化不明显外，其余树种旱季qP值下降而qNP值上升．④对干旱、高光强、高温光保护的主动适应方式是保持较高的光化学猝灭、PSII线性电子传递效率和维持一定耗散过剩光能的能力，如降低光化学猝灭而增加非光化学猝灭来适应逆境，则是一种对生长不利的内损耗被动适应方式．图4表2参14