The development of private sheltered housing in Scotland: a changing market

The provision of sheltered housing for sale in Scotland has experienced rapid growth since the opening of the first scheme in 1982. Development has been geographically concentrated in a small number of inner city and rural (coastal) areas. The expectation of continued rapid expansion is unlikely if recent trends of slower growth continue. This paper uses evidence from interviews with developers and owners of sheltered and mainstream housing, to examine the possible future contribution of the private market. On the basis of such evidence it raises questions about the relevance of some existing planning policies.     

An Attempt at Preventing Asthenopia Among VDT Workers

We report the results of 3 surveys of visual display terminal (VDT) users who took a minibreak during which they viewed a stereoscopic image of a repeating parallel pattern showing planets. The single image stereogram method employed is called Stretch Eye^TM, and we evaluated the effects of Stretch Eye^TM on asthenopia. An accommodative relaxation of about 1 D was observed in participants while they were gazing at the image. The employees of 2 information technology companies were evaluated according to a visual analogue scale (VAS) for subjective symptoms of asthenopia and eyesight. The results showed that Stretch Eye^TM was effective in easing visual fatigue due to VDT work and it improved eyesight under working conditions.     

国家中心城市共享住宿的时空分布及影响因素——基于DBSCAN算法的分析

共享住宿的兴起是城市旅游服务业供给侧结构性改革的重要推动力,科学认识其时空格局及驱动因素对城市旅游发展意义重大。通过Airbnb网站获取我国九个国家中心城市的共享住宿房源信息,运用标准差椭圆,DBSCAN聚类算法等空间分析方法分析房源的时空演变格局,并借助地理探测器探讨房源空间分布格局的影响因素。结果表明：（1）2015—2017年,国家中心城市共享住宿的空间格局变化较快,整体处于快速发展期,2017—2019年,空间格局趋于稳定,整体处于稳步增长期;（2）国家中心城市共享住宿的发展具有时空依赖性,聚类中心随时间均不断增加,多数城市的共享住宿逐步向城市四周扩展,东中西三个区域之间聚类中心的时空差异明显;（3）从发展方向和高级别聚类中心数量来看,国家中心城市共享住宿的发展方向存在四周型和“单—多”方向主导型以及“0-1”“X-1”“1-X”三种演变模式;（4）商业、交通、人口等指标因素对国家中心城市共享住宿的空间格局产生较大影响,各区域之间及各城市之间影响因素的作用强度和显著性存在明显差异,其中餐饮、休闲娱乐、购物、住宅小区等成为驱动共享住宿空间格局形成的主要影响因素。     

THE CHANGING DECISION RULES IN THE POLITICS OF WATER DEVELOPMENT1

A set of decision rules have governed the traditional politics of water development. This paper identifies these rules, describes their operation, and explains the logic behind their adoption. Personal interviews with a large number of decision makers are cited to substantiate and illustrate particular rules. There are five decision rules: local support, agreement, mutual accommodation, mutual noninterference, and fairness and equity. These guidelines are intended to insure support, lessen conflict, and protect the reputation of water development as a worthwhile federal investment. Since there are current indications that the traditional decision rules are no longer followed, the paper aims to identify why and how the rules are changing.     

TA（三十烷醇）乳粉对螺旋藻的促长作用及生理调控

研究了TA(三十烷醇 )乳粉对钝顶螺旋藻的生长、光合活性及氮素代谢的影响 .结果表明 ,较低浓度的TA处理 ,可明显促进生长 .经TA浓度为 0 .0 1mg/L的处理后 ,螺旋藻的生长速率提高 12 .4 % ,光合放氧速率提高 2 9.9% .这种生长促进作用可能与TA处理后光合色素含量的明显增加有关 .其中叶绿素a含量提高 18.6 % ,藻蓝素和类胡萝卜素的含量分别提高 5 4 .1%和 38.5 % .研究结果还表明 ,在TA处理后的 2～ 4d内 ,螺旋藻的硝酸还原酶活性可提高2 0 .0 %～ 4 2 .0 % .此外 ,处理组的蛋白质和氨基酸含量也明显高于对照组 .这表明 ,TA乳粉对螺旋藻的氮素代谢也有一定的促进作用 .图 3表 3参 14     

Assessing carbon footprint in the life cycle of accommodation services: the case of an international tourist hotel

The accommodation sector is the most demanding energy consumer among all building stock categories. This study quantifies an international tourist hotel in Taiwan to holistically estimate the greenhouse gas emissions of hotel accommodation services through a complete life cycle inventory. The study also investigates the difference between the carbon emissions of the baseline and reduction years to understand the effects of carbon emission reduction on the hotel industry. Results show that energy consumption is the main source of carbon footprint. However, the carbon emissions of other activities, such as the production and transportation of hotel amenities and laundry services, are 15.90% for the baseline year and 16.03% for the reduction year. These values are larger than the 5% cutoff rule according to PAS 2050. Thus, these factors should also be considered in assessing the carbon emissions of accommodation services. Hotel occupancy rate significantly affects carbon emissions during a one-night stay in a standard room as the functional unit. The selection of the functional unit should be considered in the hotel strategy. Although this case study involves an international tourist hotel in Taiwan, the findings and recommendations for improvements can be applied elsewhere.