Biohythane production from pineapple peel using Methanosarcina mazei enhanced with palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge in single-stage anaerobic digestion

Biohythane production via single-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) is an effective way for sustainable energy recovery from lignocellulosic biomass. In this paper, biohythane was produced through the AD process from pineapple peel waste substrate using purely cultured Methanosarcina mazei with the enhancement of palm oil mill effluent (POME) sludge as the inoculum. This study focuses on the effects of the lignocellulosic pre-treatment method, the addition of POME sludge into M. mazei culture medium as inoculum, and various operational conditions (food to microorganisms (F/M) ratios, temperature, pH) on gas production performances. The experimental results indicate that these parameters influenced the efficiency of biohythane production by producing the peak maximum biohythane production rate values (HPR_max) and (MPR_max), H₂:CH₄ = 1.93:0.67 L/L-d, and biohythane yield (HY) and (MY), H₂:CH₄ = 1.18:0.55 mL/L-substrate. This study demonstrates that biohythane gas (H₂ + CH₄ + CO₂) production from pineapple waste can be accelerated by M. mazei only with the enhancement of POME sludge through single-stage AD system under mesophilic batch process conditions.     

Effects of bio-organic fertilizers on pineapple heart rot and bacterial community structure北大核心CSCD

Heart rot is a common soil-borne disease in the pineapple industry, but the situation can be alleviated by the application of bio-fertilizers with beneficial microbiomes. Clarifying the controlling mechanism of bio-organic fertilizer on the high incidence of heart rot is critical in monocultural pineapple cropping patterns. In our study, the soil of continuous cropping pineapple orchards was collected. Three types of carriers (rapeseed cake, peat soil, and coconut bran), biocontrol strains (Bacillus subtilis HL2 and Streptomyces strain HL3), and organic fertilizer (YJ) were composted into different bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY), which were used in pot experiments. The controlling effect of the bio-fertilizer was determined based on the response of pineapple heart rot and bacterial communities to different fertilizing methods. Our results revealed that the incidence of heart rot in bio-fertilizer KC was the lowest, which decreased by 20% and 13.3%, respectively, compared to HF (chemical fertilizer, 16-16-16) and YJ (organic fertilizer). The richness and diversity of soil bacterial communities in all biofertilized treatments (KC, KN, KY, LC, LN, and LY) were significantly higher than those in HF. However, the α-diversity indices of the bio-fertilizers (KC, KN, and KY) were higher than those of LC, LN, and LY, and the bacterial community composition was significantly different. The bacteria GP4, GP6, Bacillus, and Azohydromonas were enriched in KC, KN, and KY, while the relative abundance of Streptomyces increased significantly in LC, LN, and LY. Furthermore, Spearman correlation analysis showed that the relative abundance of these bacterial groups was significantly negatively correlated with the incidence of pineapple heart rot. In summary, the application of bio-organic fertilizers can decrease the incidence of pineapple heart rot by altering the soil bacterial community structure and stimulating beneficial soil microorganisms, which is important for reconstructing the ecological balance in continuous pineapple orchards. © 2022 Authors. All rights reserved.     

不同种植年限菠萝园土壤肥力衰退的研究

以海南菠萝园为研究对象,通过调查取样分析表明,(1)随种植年限的延长及坡度的提高,土壤侵蚀量增加,菠萝园表层土壤石砾含量增加。(2)同一坡度,菠萝园土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮和速效钾含量也随种植年限的延长及坡度的提高,侵蚀量增加而下降,尤其是有机质和全氮含量。(3)菠萝园土壤磷素及全钾含量,同一坡度不同年限间没有表现出衰退的趋势。     

皂化菠萝皮渣对重金属Zn2+的吸附

采用五因子二次回归正交旋转组合设计的方法对影响皂化菠萝皮渣吸附Zn2+的因子进行优化,得出在时间为1h、加入量0.1g、pH =9、温度20℃、浓度120 mg/L时,皂化菠萝皮渣有最大去除率yMax=99.12％.对比实验表明,皂化菠萝皮渣对Zn2+的吸附在低浓度时优于活性炭,纤维素在吸附中起主要作用.扫描电镜下菠萝皮渣表面显示粗糙和多褶皱的物理吸附特征,红外光谱显示皂化菠萝皮渣中OH、C=O、C-O基团参与吸附作用.吸附等温线和吸附动力学模型显示皂化菠萝皮渣对Zn2的吸附符合Freundlich等温式和二级动力学模型.吸附Zn2+后的皂化菠萝皮渣经过解吸附可以重复使用.     

农林复合经营研究──菠萝与桉树轮作对林木生长和土壤的影响

本文调查研究了雷州林业局唐家林场、龙门林场菠萝与桉材轮作对林木生长和土壤的影响．结果表明：菠萝与桉树轮作．有利于桉树生长，单位面积林本蓄积量和年生长量均比对照林分显著增加．经济效益显著；土壤养分和土壤结构状况也有改善．作为农林复合经营的有益尝试，值得在有条件的地区推广．     

海南菠萝种植地土壤重金属环境地球化学研究

在对海南省菠萝主要种植区——文昌、琼海和万宁菠萝种植基地土壤中重金属元素含量进行调查的基础上,通过与土壤环境质量标准进行对比,对其含量现状进行了评价,并通过元素之间的比较,土壤浅层与深层富集状态的对比,研究了重金属元素的来源及迁移转化规律。结果表明,研究各区土壤中Cd、Hg、Pb、Zn均在自然背景值水平;Cr、Ni、Cu三种重金属在玄武岩区土壤中均超标,其中Cr、Ni表现为严重超标;As元素在万宁龙滚变质岩区土壤中强烈富集。整体看,研究区菠萝种植基地土壤中重金属元素含量在浅、深层土壤中的变化规律较为一致,反映为受人为活动因素影响较小,母岩母质类型是造成土壤重金属含量高低的主要原因。