池州悬钩子的食用价值与茶多酚含量研究

研究了池州市悬钩子属植物的食用价值与其中茶多酚(TP)的含量,目的是为了综合利用悬钩子属植物,促进其全面开发,提高经济效益.用正交实验法确定了提取TP的最佳实验条件,用分光光度法测定其含量.从分析结果看,悬钩子属植物中含有一定量的TP.因此,在开发悬钩子属植物果实作为第三代水果资源时,从其茎叶中提取TP具有一定的经济价值,这对促进悬钩子资源的开发与利用是很有意义的.     

Electrochemical treatment of olive mill wastewater: Treatment extent and effluent phenolic compounds monitoring using some uncommon analytical tools

Problems related with industrials effluents can be divided in two parts: (1) their toxicity associated to their chemical content which should be removed before discharging the wastewater into the receptor media; (2) and the second part is linked to the difficulties of pollution characterisation and monitoring caused by the complexity of these matrixes. This investigation deals with these two aspects, an electrochemical treatment method of an olive mill wastewater (OMW) under platinized expanded titanium electrodes using a modified Grignard reactor for toxicity removal as well as the exploration of the use of some specific analytical tools to monitor effluent phenolic compounds elimination. The results showed that electrochemical oxidation is able to remove/mitigate the OMW pollution. Indeed, 87% of OMW color was removed and all aromatic compounds were disappeared from the solution by anodic oxidation. Moreover, 55% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and the total organic carbon (TOC) were reduced. On the other hand, UV- Visible spectrophotometry, Gaz chromatography/mass spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) showed that the used treatment seems efficaciously to eliminate phenolic compounds from OMW. It was concluded that electrochemical oxidation in a modified Grignard reactor is a promising process for the destruction of all phenolic compounds present in OMW. Among the monitoring analytical tools applied, cyclic voltammetry and 13 C NMR are among the techniques that are introduced for the first time to control the advancement of the OMW treatment and gave a close insight on polyphenols disappearance.     

铝对茶叶叶片主要化学成分的影响

以茶树2个品种(雁荡毛峰和知仁早茶)为研究材料,采用溶液培养法,研究了铝对茶叶叶片主要化学成分(茶多酚、咖啡碱、氨基酸和维生素C)的影响。结果表明,水培下,10～100mg·L-1质量浓度的铝可显著提高茶多酚的质量分数,与对照相比,50mg·L-1质量浓度下雁荡毛峰茶多酚的质量分数提高了180%,知仁早茶提高了100.6%;10～50mg·L-1质量浓度的铝可提高咖啡碱、氨基酸的质量分数,但100mg·L-1质量浓度下显著降低了咖啡碱和氨基酸的质量分数,雁荡毛峰降低了5.3%、25.8%,知仁早茶降低了2%、7.2%;不同质量浓度的铝对维生素C的质量分数影响不大;低质量浓度的铝处理降低茶树的丙二醛质量分数,而高质量浓度的铝处理(100mg·L-1)提高了丙二醛质量分数。结果证明水培条件下,10～50mg·L-1铝可明显提高茶叶品质,100mg·L-1质量浓度会降低茶叶品质。     

The use of tailor-made acidic deep eutectic solvents for preparation of quercetin-enriched extracts from onion solid wastes

The current examination dealt with the development of a methodology to produce quercetin, a multifunctional bio-flavonoid, by designing task-specific, highly acidic deep eutectic solvents, based on glycerol and natural organic acids. The purpose was to achieve a simultaneous hydrolysis of spiraeoside, the major quercetin glycoconjugate occurring in onion solid wastes, and quercetin extraction. After an initial performance screening, the combination of glycerol/oxalic acid was identified as the highest-performing system, and further investigation showed that the most efficacious molar ratio was glycerol/oxalic acid 3:1. Further study of hydrolysis/extractions conditions suggested 30 min, at 130°C, to be the best operating conditions, giving the highest yield of 19.65 mg quercetin per grams of dry mass. The extract obtained under these conditions displayed significantly enhanced antiradical activity, compared to control extracts prepared with water or aqueous ethanol. On the other hand, results on the ferric-reducing power were rather contradictory. It is proposed that such a methodology may be implemented to valorize onion solid wastes, for the production of extracts significantly enriched in quercetin, with increased antiradical properties.     

Polyphenol contents of five of medicinal plants from Cameroon and effects of their extracts on antioxidant capacities of human breast cancer cells

The aim of the study was to investigate the antiproliferative properties of extracts of five plants on breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) and their effects on antioxidant activities. The total phenol contents of the extracts were determined to establish a correlation to their antiproliferative effects which were evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide viability assay. Enzymes involved in oxidative stress were also determined. Total polyphenol contents of the five extracts varied from 170 to 440 mg L^?1 of gallic acid per mg of extract with the highest value for the extract of Sida cordifolia. Cell growth inhibition was observed within 24 h, with inhibitory concentration values ranging from 7.3 to 25 mg L^?1 depending on plant extract. At concentrations between 100 and 200 mg L^?1, all the extracts exhibited significant reduction of cell proliferation in time-dependent and linear manner. The activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase of cells treated for 24 h with the extract of S. cordifolia were 3.5 U per mg protein and 8 mole H₂O₂ consumed per min per mg protein higher than those of cells treated with an extract of Viscum album.     

茶多酚对三丁基锡诱导的小鼠氧化损伤的保护作用

为研究茶多酚对三丁基锡诱导的小鼠氧化损伤是否具有保护作用,采用灌胃方法,对雄性小鼠进行TBT染毒, 然后分别用不同剂量的茶多酚进行保护．结果表明,茶多酚保护组小鼠肝组织活性氧(ROS)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量均明显低于TBT对照组;彗星实验发现茶多酚保护组小鼠淋巴细胞尾长较正常,而尾相与TBT对照组相比没有显著改变．电镜观察结果表明茶多酚保护组胸腺细胞核和线粒体损伤明显减轻．因此茶多酚对TBT诱导的氧化损伤具有一定的预防作用,并且对细胞核损伤也有一定的保护作用．茶多酚对TBT所引起的细胞核损伤的保护作用机制可能是抑制脂质过氧化反应,防止细胞氧化损伤,从而保护DNA．     

赤铁矿对园林落叶植物生物质水解液中溶解性芳香物质的调控效果

植物生物质作为污水反硝化脱氮碳源,存在出水色度和COD升高的问题,木质素水解产生的多酚类物质等芳香化合物是导致该问题的根本原因.由于赤铁矿对木质素酚具有吸附潜力,本研究尝试采用赤铁矿调控植物生物质厌氧水解产生的溶解性芳香物质,避免其进入水解液后形成不易被反硝化利用的COD和色度.研究利用预处理园林树木黄葛榕落叶和赤铁矿形成共厌氧水解系统,以未加入赤铁矿的系统为对照,考察了赤铁矿共厌氧对水解液的UV254、SCOD、挥发性有机酸、亚铁等影响;在此基础上进一步分析了赤铁矿对预处理黄葛榕落叶厌氧水解液中多酚类物质的吸附去除特性.结果表明,与无赤铁矿的厌氧水解系统相比,赤铁矿的共厌氧能有效地降低水解液的UV254,并提升SCOD和乙酸产生速度和浓度,但后期会发生活跃的铁还原过程;赤铁矿能够有效地吸附去除黄葛榕木质纤维素厌氧水解液中的多酚类物质,吸附过程与准一级动力学方程拟合效果相对优于准二级.根据Langmuir方程对其吸附等温线拟合结果,赤铁矿对多酚的饱和吸附量为1.399mg·g-1;黄葛榕落叶厌氧水解液经赤铁矿的吸附处理后,以其配制的纤维素酶液的滤纸酶活提升了11.68%.因此,共厌氧系...     

吸烟烟气对鼠肺细胞膜的损伤和茶多酚的保护作用

本文以香烟气相物质作用鼠肺细胞膜为模型,用脂肪酸自旋标记物5-DOXYL和16DOXYL分别研究膜浅层和深层的动态性质受气相烟的影响,并用紫外可见分光光度法研究气相烟对膜脂的作用。结果发现,在实验的气相烟流量下,香烟气相物质能引发鼠肺细胞膜的脂质过氧化,并且使膜浅层的流动性增大。但对膜深层的动态性质没有明显的改变,如果在鼠肺细胞中预先加入粗晶态或粉态茶多酚。则肺细胞的过氧化和膜的动态性质改变受到抑制,而且这种抑制作用与茶多酚浓度呈量效关系,而茶多酚本身对膜浅层无明显作用,但对膜深层的流动性有一定影响,而且两种茶多酚的作用相似。     

吸烟烟气的细胞毒性作用和茶多酚保护作用的研究

以体外培养的中国仓鼠肺成纤维细胞V79为模型,用分光光度法和ESR自旋标记方法研究了吸烟烟气对细胞的损伤以及抗氧化剂茶多酚（GTP）的保护作用。结果表明,吸烟烟气能引发V79细胞膜的脂质过氧化,导致细胞死亡,使膜浅层的流动性增加,但对膜深层的动态性质没有明显改变。加入GTP后能抑制烟气引起的膜脂过氧化和膜流动性的改变以及细胞死亡,且这种抑制作用与GTP的浓度呈量效关系,而GTP本身对细胞膜浅层的流动性无明显作用,但对深层的流动性则有一定的影响。此外,还用马来酰亚胺自旋探针研究吸烟烟气对细胞膜膜蛋白巯基结合位点局部构象的影响,结果发现,随着烟气作用增强,ESR波谱的强弱固定化比值（S/W）增大,表明膜蛋白上巯基结合位点处结构变得紧密,这说明吸烟烟气改变了膜蛋白的构象,GTP本身在高浓度（＞0.1mg/mL）时也能使S/W增大,当低浓度（＜0.05mg/mL）则没有影响。当GTP浓度为0.01mg/mL时就可以抑制烟气引起的S/W的增大。     

三叶虫茶茶多酚提取工艺研究

研究萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚的影响因素.采用单因素循环法考虑各影响因素,得出三叶虫茶茶多酚的最优提取工艺.用回流法提取茶多酚,并用单因素循环法分别考察提取剂、沉淀剂、转溶酸、萃取次数对茶多酚提取率的影响,用紫外-可见分光光度法对提取液进行检测.用萃取-沉淀法从虫茶中提取分离茶多酚,以80%丙酮作提取剂,Zn Cl2作沉淀剂,盐酸转溶的效果较为理想.结论表明,萃取-沉淀法提取分离虫茶中茶多酚,所需要的有机溶剂少,能耗低,纯度高,具有可行性.图4,表5,参14.