温度、盐度、铜、氨对对虾仔虾(Penaues orientalis K)和光滑河兰蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)的影响

在室内模拟条件下,进行了热冲击及其与盐度、铜、氨联合对对虾仔虾和光滑河兰蛤的急性影响研究。结果表明,两种动物的起始致死温度(TL₅₀)和最高临界温度(CTM)随驯化温度的升高而增大;随盐度的降低,仔虾的耐高温能力明显降低,而兰蛤对盐度变化反应不明显;高温明显提高铜、氨对仔虾的毒性。也提高铜对兰蛤的毒性,但降低氨对兰蛤的毒性影响。仔虾对高温、低盐、铜离子及非离子氨反应敏感。     

湛江某对虾基地沉积物重金属含量特征及评价

探讨了湛江某对虾养殖基地虾场沉积物中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr的含量特征,并采用单因子、内梅罗综合污染指数以及H(a)kanson潜在生态风险指数等方法评估了几种重金属的环境风险,分析了其主要来源.结果表明,虾场沉积物Cu含量在11.5～38.5mg/kg之间;Zn含量在87.6～176.4mg/kg之间;Pb...     

海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源保护和利用的研究

本文简要地介绍了我国海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源的现状及近年来生产情况，分析了海洋岛渔场中国对虾自然资源衰减原因及增殖放流后的成效，提出了保护和利用海洋岛渔场中国对虾资源的措施。     

藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究

利用藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究表明，该系统对ＢＯＤ＿５和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达９５．５％和８０．０％，对ＰＯ和Ｈｇ￣（２＋）去除率都在９８％以上，在卤虫密度５２．１个／Ｌ和３６．０个／Ｌ，藻类密度２５７２５．８万个／Ｌ和２０９２４．９万个／Ｌ，水中汞能被不同营养等级的生物累积，在水中汞浓度１．０×１０￣（－４）－３．０×１０￣（－４）ｍｇ／Ｌ范围内，藻类和卤虫对水中汞的浓缩倍数分别为７．５×１０￣２－７．８－１０￣３和２．１０×１０￣２－１．０４×１０￣４；卤虫吞食藻类，它对藻体中汞的浓缩倍数较低，变化范围在０．１－１．７之间；食染汞卤虫的对虾对汞的累积不明显。     

藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究

利用藻类－卤虫－对虾系统深度处理含盐含汞化工废水的模拟试验研究表明，该系统对ＢＯＤ５和ＣＯＤ去除率分别达９５．５％和８０．０％，对ＰＯ４＾２－和Ｈｇ＾２＋去除率都在９８％以上。在卤虫密度５２．１个／Ｌ和３６．０个／Ｌ，藻类密度２５７２５．８万个／Ｌ和２０９２４．９万个／Ｌ，水中汞能被不同营养等级的生物累积，在水中汞浓度１．０×１０＾２－７．８×１０＾３和２．１０×１０＾２－１．０４×１０＾４；卤虫     

Fish as an indicator of aquatic environment: Multielemental neutron activation analysis of nutrient and pollutant elements in fish from Indian coastal areas

Fish is the main food in coastal areas and its analysis for toxic metals has been used as an indicator of the pollution status of the aquatic environment. Several different fish species from the three Indian coasts, Visakhapatnam in the east, Mumbai in the west and Mangalore in the south west and also inland freshwater fish from Nagpur in the central region for comparison were analyzed for up to 20 elements (As, Au, Ba, Br, Cl, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Zn) by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Dried fish samples in powdered form were irradiated with thermal neutrons in a nuclear reactor followed by high resolution gamma ray spectrometry at different intervals. Several Reference Materials (RMs) of biological origin were analyzed for quality assurance and data validation. Elemental contents in different fish species vary in a wide range depending on the species, its size, location, and aquatic environment. Fish from Mangalore showed highest mean contents of Cr (14.8?±?29.9?µg?g^?1), Cu (1005?±?643?µg?g^?1) and Sb (849?±?888?ng?g^?1) whereas those from Mumbai exhibited highest Hg (2066?±?2146?ng?g^?1) and P (20.3?±?4.63?µg?g^?1) but lowest Cu (6.30?±?3.10?µg?g^?1) contents. Fish from all the regions showed significant amounts of nutrient elements such as Na, K, P, Mn, Fe, Se and Zn as well as some pollutant elements (Br, Cr, Sb, Hg). No regularity in variation of elemental contents with the size was observed. Prawn (Panaeus latisulcatus), a popular fish species from four different regions showed wide variation in elemental contents of Cr, Mn, Fe, Zn, Se, P including toxic pollutants, Sb and Hg. An attempt has been made to calculate daily dietary intake (DDI) for some nutrient elements from Indian fish. Elemental data for Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Se, and Zn have been compared with those from other fish exporting countries.     

池塘养殖(青虾)生态系统服务价值的系统动力学模型

生态服务价值的评估在近10 a来受到广泛关注,但大多基于静态评估框架,缺少动态分析。研究运用系统动力学的原理和方法,分析了青虾池塘养殖生态系统服务价值评估系统的内部结构,描绘了因果关系图及流图,建立了相应的系统动力学模型,初步预测不同决策方案下食物供给、固碳、释放氧气价值和富营养化环境成本在30 a内的变化趋势,结果表明:①无论采取何种决策,若系统外部环境不变,生态系统净服务价值的供给趋于稳定;②在池塘养殖生态系统中,释放氧气和固定二氧化碳等非市场价值是生态系统服务价值重要稳定的来源;③青虾养殖中投资变动在短期内往往会造成水产品市场价值的大幅波动,长期里则因投入的增加而增加,但增加率逐渐减少,最终达到稳定值;④在当前条件假设和环境参数的约束下,模型模拟结果与实测结果基本一致。     

Assessment of Ergonomic and Occupational Health-Related Problems Among Female Prawn Seed Collectors of Sunderbans,West Bengal,India

Abstract

Sixty female prawn seed collectors and 60 female control subjects from Sajenakhali and Sandeshkhali blocks of Sunderbans, West Bengal, India, were randomly selected to evaluate and compare musculoskeletal disorders and physiological stress. The control group was engaged in domestic work involving minimum hand-intensive activities. The modified Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire and rapid entire body assessment were used. Most subjects suffered from discomfort in different body parts, especially in the lower back (98%), knees (88%), shoulders (75%), ankles (70%) and feet (67%). This study reveals that female prawn seed collectors suffer from significant physiological load and extreme physiological stress due to prolonged working hours in a standing posture and excessive work pressure. Consequently, all these factors affect female prawn seed collectors ‘ health and work performance.     

温度、盐度、铜、氨对对虾仔虾(Penaues orientalis K)和光滑河兰蛤(Potamocorbula laevis)的影响

在室内模拟条件下,进行了热冲击及其与盐度、铜、氨联合对对虾仔虾和光滑河兰蛤的急性影响研究。结果表明,两种动物的起始致死温度(TL_(50))和最高临界温度(CTM)随驯化温度的升高而增大;随盐度的降低,仔虾的耐高温能力明显降低,而兰蛤对盐度变化反应不明显;高温明显提高铜、氨对仔虾的毒性。也提高铜对兰蛤的毒性,但降低氨对兰蛤的毒性影响。仔虾对高温、低盐、铜离子及非离子氨反应敏感。     

中国对虾养殖系统中溶解有机碳和胶体有机碳的动态变化

运用切向超滤技术对中国对虾培养系统进行了研究。结果表明,在对虾周日观测中DOC和COC低值出现在下午,而高值则在夜间出现,一日之内波动剧烈,胶体有机碳的活性较大;在周日观测中COC/DOC%与DOC和COC有相近的变化趋势,但增大的趋势更为明显;在连续7d的动态观测中,DOC和COC与时间呈显著的线性正相关,系统内DOC和COC在培养过程中的自然积聚与换入海水物理混合的共同作用使得体系内的DOC和COC的浓度随着时间而缓慢的增加;在整个培养过程中,COC与DOC具有很好的线性正相关,其斜率为0 43,COC在对虾培养系统中占总DOC的比例远高于天然海水。