COMBUSTIVE APPROACH FOR MEASURING TOTAL VOLATILE PHOSPHORUS CONTENT IN LANDFILL GAS

A technique was developed to measure the total gaseous phosphorus content in biogas. The amount of air needed for a neutral to oxidising flame was mixed with the biogas. The gas mixture was burnt in a closed quartz burner and the combustion gasses were bubbled through a nitric acid solution. The phosphate content in the bubbling liquid was determined with sector field ICP-MS. The technique was validated in the lab with phosphine. Afterwards the set-up was installed on a landfill. The total gaseous phosphorus content in the landfill gas, measured with the combustive technique, ranged from 1.65 to 4.44 g P/m³. At the same time the phosphine concentration in the landfill gas was determined gas chromatographically (GC). The phosphine (PH₃) content measured with GC ranged from 7.6 to 16.7 g PH₃-P/m³. Since the phosphine-P content (GC) was consistently higher than the total gaseous phosphorus content (burner/ICP-MS), the hypothesised presence of highly toxic gaseous phosphorus compounds other than phosphine could not be demonstrated.     

基于B-P神经网络的环境质量评价方法

提出可将环境质量评价的无论是定量指标还是定性参数转化成"二进制"的"1"或"0",进而将这种二进制数引入B-P网络.通过实例探讨,这种新的B-P网络既适用于定量指标的水质参数又适用于定性指标的水质参数.     

悬浮物对三峡水库水质测定结果的影响

以长江寸滩断面和嘉陵江大溪沟断面水样为测定样品,探讨了悬浮物对三峡水库水质测定结果的影响,提出在三峡水库水质监测中,应对经0.45μm滤膜过滤的滤液进行指标测定,同时测定悬浮物含量,并对悬浮物进行组分分析;建议在地表水环境质量标准中,纳入悬浮物项目。     

小头蓼(P.Microcephalum)对矿区铜的吸收积累研究

调查并分析云南省铜矿区的植物区系及土壤理化特性，发现小头蓼（P.Microcephalum）在云南省高海拔铜矿区生长旺盛，是该地区的优势植物种，小头蓼生长的土壤基质富含铜，其它养分条件适中，研究表明小头蓼具有较强的富集铜的能力；随土壤中铜含量的增加，植物根系铜含量也相应增加，但叶部铜含量变人与土壤铜含量之间无相关性，研究认为该植物具有对铜污染土壤的植物固定潜能。此外，还指出最适于小头蓼富集铜的土壤条件为土壤有机质1％－1.5％，土壤pH为中性。     

小清河干流底质有毒金属形态分布

以小清河干流底质为研究对象，为了更好地了解固体颗粒物上有毒金属被浸取进入液相情况．分析了三种不同浸取剂(DTPA、EDTA、NTA)的提取液中有毒金属Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn、Cd的含量。结果表明．金属浓度因浸取剂种类及金属本身类型不同而不同。由于固体颗粒物上金属的毒性及其可流动性与其存在形态密切相关。选取连续浸取法来考察底质样品中金属形态分布情况。结果表明．底质中Pb主要以氧化物键合态和碳酸键合态存在；Cr主要以有机键合态存在；Cu以有机键合态为优势存在；Zn主要以有机键合态和氧化物键合态存在；Cd主要以可交换态存在。     

游离附生假单胞菌对铜绿微囊蓝细菌中32P释放的影响

采用同位素示踪法，分析游离附生假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp-)对富集^32P的铜绿微囊蓝细菌(Microcystis aeruginosa)中磷释放的影响．研究结果表明：在微囊蓝细菌生长的延迟期和对数期．游离附生假单胞菌的加入抑制了微囊蓝细菌中^32P的释放，而对蓝细菌的生长没有明显的影响；在微囊蓝细菌生长的稳定期和衰减期，假单胞菌促进其蓝细菌细胞内^32P的释放，同时也加速微囊蓝细菌的衰亡．假单胞菌对微囊蓝细菌^32P释放的促进作用是由于自身的吸磷能力导致的．假单胞菌的吸磷量由假单胞菌生物量和细胞内磷浓度决定，假单胞菌在微囊蓝细菌的整个生长阶段生物量不断增加，而体内^32P浓度在开始阶段很低．直到微囊蓝细菌进入稳定期才达到相对稳定。     

Connecting sources, fractions and algal availability of sediment phosphorus in shallow lakes: An approach to the criteria for sediment phosphorus concentrations

Although point and nonpoint sources contribute roughly equal nutrient loads to lakes, their relative role in supporting algae growth has not been clarified. In this research, we have established a quantitative relationship between algae-available phosphorus (P) and P chemical fractions in sediments; the latter indicates the relative contribution of point versus nonpoint sources. Surface sediments from three large shallow lakes in eastern China, namely, the Chaohu, Taihu and Hongzehu Lakes, were sampled to assess their algae-available P and chemically extracted P fractions. The algae-available P primarily comes from iron/aluminium (hydr)oxide-bound P (Fe/Al-bound P), 45% of which is algae-available P. The ratio of Fe/Al-bound P to calcium compound-bound P (Ca-bound P) indicated the relative contribution of point to nonpoint sources, with the point sources contributing the majority of increased Fe/Al-bound P in sediments. Therefore, the reduction of point sources from urbanized areas, rather than nonpoint sources from agricultural areas that primarily contribute to the Ca-bound P fraction, should be prioritized to alleviate cyanobacterial algal blooms (CyanoHABs) in shallow lakes with sediment P as a potential source to support algae growth. With these important results, we proposed a conceptual model for “P-pumping suction” from sediments to algae to aid in the development of the criteria for sediment P concentrations in shallow lakes.     

模拟降雨条件下沉积物对磷的富集机理

通过模拟降雨径流实验，在７２ｍｍ／ｈ的大暴雨备件下，研究侵蚀性颗粒从土壤中的径流流失过程及其对磷的富集作用和机理。结果表明，深积物中不同粒长团聚体的组成和原来土壤中的组成有很大差异。径流流失的沉积物主要以０．２５ｍｍ以下的团聚体为主，径流中８０％以上的磷以颗粒态形式流失，而颗粒态磷的６０％－９０％随０．１ｍｍ以下的团聚体流失。不同粒径团聚体对磷的富集作用和富集系数不同。模拟实验建立了沉积物富集系数     

软式排球健身价值的研究

运用文献、调查访问、观察、实验、统计及分析等研究方法,对有、无排球技术基础学生的对比分析,探讨软式排球的健身价值。研究结果表明:软式排球较硬式排球技术更易学习掌握,更易在学生中组织比赛,有着很重要的健身价值。为使软式排球更具有健身和娱乐性,应在比赛中灵活制定比赛规则。