低磷胁迫下不同水稻品种根系吸收能力差异的生理与遗传本质

在低磷（1mg L-1)和适磷水平（10mg L^-1)下，分别以混合培养方式研究了粳稻京系17（Oryza sativa ssp.japonica)(JX17)和粘稻窄叶青8号（Oryza sativa ssp.indica)(ZYQ8)对磷营养的反应。结果表明，低磷胁迫下，JX17较ZYQ8吸收更多磷素，干物重也显著增加。相反，ZYQ8则受到更强的磷胁迫，吸磷量和干物重降低，主要是因为JX17具有较高的吸磷速度，单位根长吸磷量大，即根系高亲和力磷酸盐转运蛋白表达强，最大限度地吸收可能利用的磷素，从而改善植株营养状况，同时又有较多的磷被分配到根系，使根第，根表面积和根干重相应提高，进一步增加了其在低磷胁迫条件下的竞争磷营养的优势。图3表2参17     

胶带运输机设备安全诊断的研究

根据胶带运输机实际应用情况 ,提出胶带运输机常见故障诊断及安全评估模型     

Cloning,expression, and functional identification of CaSWEET7 and CaSWEET15 genes in Canarium album北大核心CSCD

糖外排转运蛋白(sugars will eventually be exported transporters,SWEET)介导植物光合同化产物蔗糖的跨膜运输.以橄榄(Canarium album(Lour.)Raeusch.)果实为材料,通过气相色谱串联质谱(GC-MS)检测橄榄果实中糖组分及含量变化,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因开放阅读框(ORF)序列.结果表明:CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因ORF全长分别为774 bp和951 bp,分别编码长度为257个和316个氨基酸残基,具有2个MtN3_slv结构域;进化树分析表明,CaSWEET7属于CladeⅡ,CaSWEET15属于CladeⅢ.实时荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR)技术检测其在不同发育时期的果实中相对表达量变化,结果表明,随着果实发育,CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15表达量逐渐递增,且与果实发育蔗糖含量变化呈显著正相关(相关性系数分别为0.931和0.904,P<0.05);利用酵母功能互补证明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因编码的蛋白具有转运蔗糖能力.本研究表明CaSWEET7和CaSWEET15基因可能在橄榄果实蔗糖积累中发挥作用.(图9表2参44)     

植物吸收土壤有机氮的研究进展

传统的氮循环模式认为,土壤有机氮只有经过微生物分解转化为无机氮(NH₄⁺+NO₃^-)后才能为植物吸收利用。然而,近年来许多研究证实多种陆地植物具有从土壤中获取小分子有机物质(如自由态氨基酸)的能力,对传统的氮循环模式形成巨大的挑战。论文从土壤中氮素的形态、植物吸收有机氮的证据、有机氮吸收的机制、以有机氮为重要氮源的生态系统类型以及根系吸收与分泌有机氮之间的平衡等5个方面进行了综述,分析了当前研究方法的优缺点,针对本领域内核心科学问题,提出了未来植物吸收有机氮的改进方法及研究方向,为进行植物利用有机氮的研究提供方法基础。     

不同标准下外压筒体轻量化设计

LNG运输半挂车根据GB 1589-2016《汽车、挂车及汽车列车外廓尺寸、轴荷及质量限值》的规定最大允许总质量不能超过40t,轻量化LNG运输车是今后市场发展方向之一。LNG运输车外筒体由于受外压作用,往往通过设置较多加强圈来防止其失稳。在材质、直径、壁厚、长度均相同条件下的外筒体,按GB/T150《压力容器》、JB 4732《钢制压力容器》、ASME B&P Code VIII-2等不同标准下进行失稳计算,同种规格角钢圈数量大不相同,按ASME B&P Code VIII-2标准计算得出的角钢圈数量最少,轻量化程度更高,更具有市场竞争力。     

液压支架安装运输车旋转机构动态特性分析

为进一步提高液压支架安装运输车旋转机构偏载工况下旋转调向的安全性,建立了旋转机构的数学模型,分析了齿轮接触力、旋转板与液压支架间摩擦阻力、主轴质心随旋转角的变化情况。以此为依据,改进了安装运输车旋转支撑结构,并进行了试验分析。结果表明:三种工况下,齿轮接触力始终波动,仅X向偏载时启动性能较好,Y向偏载对齿轮接触力影响较大,X、Y均偏载时齿轮运动不平衡,易出现啮合冲击;随着偏心距的增加,摩擦阻力激增明显,均值变大,液压支架和旋转板之间的相对滑动趋势越明显,X、Y向均偏载时会出现最大摩擦阻力超过最大允许的静摩擦力,旋转板和液压支架会发生瞬间滑动;随着偏心距的增大,主轴转速振动频率和幅度增大,偏载对主轴转动的稳定性具有很大影响;主轴质心在X、Y平面内的位移和Z向攒动均随着偏心距的增大而增大,且质心位置也随着偏载量的增加而变得越分散。     

S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽镉胁迫机制

土壤Cd污染对水稻种子萌发和植株生长发育都具有毒害作用,最终可能导致稻谷产量下降及Cd含量超标.本文采用种子萌发试验研究了来源于大蒜提取物的天然含硫有机化合物S-烯丙基-L-半胱氨酸（SAC）缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的潜在机制.本试验过程中选用我国南方稻区主栽水稻品种"中早35"种子作为试验材料,首先研究了SAC对水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的缓解效应;在此基础上,通过研究SAC对种子幼根和幼芽生理生化系统及Cd含量影响,探索了SAC缓解水稻种子幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的生理机制;利用实时荧光定量PCR技术研究了SAC对水稻Cd转运蛋白编码基因表达水平的影响,探讨了SAC缓解Cd²⁺胁迫的分子机制.结果表明,当Cd²⁺胁迫浓度达到50 μmol·L^-1时水稻种子幼根和幼芽发育会受到显著抑制;当SAC添加浓度达到200 μmol·L^-1时,幼根的总根长、根表面积和根体积与50 μmol·L^-1Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比分别增加173.5%、65.52%和37.04%;幼根和幼芽中CAT、SOD活性分别增加212.42%、110.76%和31.41%、47.31%;幼根和幼芽中MDA、GSH含量分别降低43.09%、34.12%和33.97%、35.74%;幼根和幼芽中Cd含量分别降低35.91%、28.86%.实时荧光定量PCR分析结果表明,添加SAC处理后Cd转运蛋白编码基因OsNramp5和OsHMA2的相对表达量与Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比分别显著降低了33.38%和34.99%,OsHMA3的相对表达量与Cd²⁺胁迫处理组相比显著升高了33.96%.由以上试验结果可见,SAC降低水稻幼根和幼芽Cd²⁺胁迫的主要机制是SAC调控了Cd转运蛋白编码基因的表达水平,降低了Cd向幼根和幼芽中的转运,同时增加了Cd向液泡中的转运.     

Microsatellite length polymorphisms associated with dispersal-related agonistic onset in male wild house mice (Mus musculus domesticus)

Dispersal propensity, reflecting one of the most decisive mammalian life history traits, has been suggested to vary heritably and to locally adapt to prevailing dispersal conditions in wild house mouse populations. Because individual dispersal propensity highly significantly covaries with the developmental timing of the onset of agonistic interactions between littermate brothers, we used agonistic onset as an endophenotype to explore the potential genetic basis of dispersal-related behavioral variation in male house mice. We found significant covariation of microsatellite marker compositions with the probability of fraternal pairs to exhibit agonistic relationships before the age of 2 months. In particular, the presence of two alleles associated with a serotonin transporter protein gene (Slc6a4) and a testosterone dehydrogenase gene (Cyp3a11), respectively, strongly covaried with the probability of early agonistic onset. These results are congruent with recent findings of microsatellite length polymorphisms marking regulatory variation of gene expression that is relevant for social behavior, including dispersal propensity development, in other mammals. Genetic variability for ontogenetic timing of agonistic onset would be in agreement with genotypic differentiation of the dispersive behavioral syndrome in natural populations that could lead to local adaptation.     

Reduction of U(VI) by the deep subsurface bacterium, Thermus scotoductus SA-01, and the involvement of the ABC transporter protein

In this study we investigated the effect of uranium on the growth of the bacterium Thermus scotoductus strain SA-01 as well as the whole cell U(VI) reduction capabilities of the organism. Also, site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the identity of a protein capable of a possible alternative mechanism of U(VI) reduction. SA-01 can grow aerobically in up to 1.25 mM uranium and has the capability to reduce low levels of U(VI) in under 20 h. TEM analysis performed on cells exposed to uranium showed extracellular and membrane-bound accumulation of uranium. The reductase-like protein was surprisingly identified as a peptide ABC transporter, peptide-binding protein. This study showcases the concept of protein promiscuity, where this protein with a distinct function in situ can also have the unintended function of a reactant for the reduction of U(VI).     

Ectopic expression of Arabidopsis ABC transporter MRP7 modifies cadmium root-to-shoot transport and accumulation

Arabidopsis MRPs/ABCCs have been shown to remove various organic and inorganic substrates from the cytosol to other subcellular compartments. Here we first demonstrate that heterologous expression of AtMRP7 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum var. Xanthi) modifies cadmium accumulation, distribution and tolerance. Arabidopsis MRP7 was localized both in the tonoplast and in the plasma membrane when expressed in tobacco. Its overexpression increased tobacco Cd-tolerance and resulted in enhanced cadmium concentration in leaf vacuoles, indicating more efficient detoxification by means of vacuolar storage. Heterologous AtMRP7 expression also led to more efficient retention of Cd in roots, suggesting a contribution to the control of cadmium root-to-shoot translocation. The results underscore the use of AtMRP7 in plant genetic engineering to modify the heavy-metal accumulation pattern for a broad range of applications.