黄地老虎NPV增效作用的研究

对黄地老虎核型多角体病毒（ＡｓＮＰＶ）的多角体蛋白和病毒粒子组分进行分离纯化,分别与棉铃虫核型多角体病毒（ＨａＮＰＶ）混合感染三龄棉铃虫幼虫,发现此二种组分均能够提高棉铃虫幼虫的死亡率,缩短半致死时间,降低半致死浓度。使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ＥＬＩＳＡ）技术检验ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与粘虫颗粒体病毒增效因子（ＰｓＧＶ－ＳＦ）和ＨａＮＰＶ多角体蛋白的同源性,发现ＡｓＮＰＶ多角体蛋白和病毒粒子与     

The New Zealand experience of varroa invasion highlights research opportunities for Australia

The Varroa mite (Varroa destructor) is implicated as a major disease factor in honey bee (Apis mellifera) populations worldwide. Honey bees are extensively relied upon for pollination services, and in countries such as New Zealand and Australia where honey bees have been introduced specifically for commercial pollinator services, the economic effects of any decline in honey bee numbers are predicted to be profound. V. destructor established in New Zealand in 2000 but as yet, Australia remains Varroa-free. Here we analyze the history of V. destructor invasion and spread in New Zealand and discuss the likely long-term impacts. When the mite was discovered in New Zealand, it was considered too well established for eradication to be feasible. Despite control efforts, V. destructor has since spread throughout the country. Today, assessing the impacts of the arrival of V. destructor in this country is compromised by a paucity of data on pollinator communities as they existed prior to invasion. Australia’s Varroa-free status provides a rare and likely brief window of opportunity for the global bee research community to gain understanding of honey bee-native pollinator community dynamics prior to Varroa invasion.     

我国典型土壤对病毒等温静态吸附的数值模拟

通过室内等温静态批量平衡吸附实验,采用3种常见的等温线（Freundlich方程、Langmuir方程和Temkin方程）对2种病毒（MS2和X174）在2种处理（非灭菌和灭菌）条件下的6种土壤（红壤土、红粘土、乌栅土、黄泥土、沙质潮土和壤质潮土）中的吸附行为进行了回归拟合.实验结果和模拟结果均表明,土壤性质、病毒性质、土壤中的土著微生物对病毒在土壤中吸附行为均具有重要的影响.红粘土对MS2和X174的平均吸附比例几乎能达到100％,而2种潮土（沙质潮土和壤质潮土）相对较弱;总体来看土壤对X174的吸附能力高于MS2,但灭菌后的土壤对MS2的吸附能力却高于X174.在数值模拟中,Freundlich方程和Langmuir方程均具有理想的相关性.Freundlich方程能够表现出病毒浓度对其在土壤中吸附行为的影响;尽管Langmuir方程能够应用于土壤对病毒吸附能力的比较,但本研究中不能应用Langmuir方程来计算土壤对病毒的最大吸附量.     

论计算机事故风险

本文提出了计算机事故风险概念，分析了计算机事故风险的成因、特征及其危害。     

几种不同浓缩技术回收水中病毒的效果

实验表明,即使病毒剂量低到一个感染性病毒也可使人感染,并可在人群间造成传播。因此,水环境的病毒污染深为人们关切。 水中的致病性病毒主要来自人和动物的排泄物及医院废水。目前已从各种水体中检测出120多种危及人类健康的肠道病毒和其它病毒。 世界卫生组织要求,用最灵敏的方法试验,在100—1000L饮用水中应不含病毒。因此,病毒的浓缩技术是监测水中病毒的前提。 现在国内外使用的浓缩技术方法很多,但都不甚理想。我们用几种不同的方法回收自来水和污水厂出水中实验性污染的病毒,以便选择具有快速、简便、适用性广泛、浓缩水样体积大和回收病毒效率高的技术。     

大玉竹低聚糖硫酸酯抗HSV-2病毒活性的研究

从传统中药大玉竹中提取低聚糖Ｐｏｏｓ,用吡啶－氯磺酸法制备了它的硫酸酯衍生物Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ,产物经红外鉴定,证实Ｐｏｏｓ硫酸酯化后羟基连上硫酸基,硫含量为８．４７％,取代度（Ｄｓ）为０．６体外实验研究了Ｐｏｏｓ、Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ对非洲绿猴肾细胞（Ｖｅｒｏ）的细胞毒怀和抗单纯疱疹病毒２型（ＨＳＶ－２）活性。结果表明,Ｐｏｏｓ和Ｓ－Ｐｏｏｓ都无细胞毒性。Ｐｏｏｓ本身无抗病毒活性,对ＨＳＶ－２引起的细胞病变和     

鸡贫血病毒(CAV)vp1基因的克隆及与其他CAV vp1基因的比较

把一个新鸡贫血病毒(CAV)的vp1基因通过PCR扩增，然后克隆到质粒载体pUC18上．vp1基因包含1347个碱基对，并且推定的VP1蛋白氨基酸序列含有449个氨基酸．通过DNA BLAST软件把该基因的序列数据与在GenBank中发表的其他vp1基因比较显示，克隆的vp1基因与已发表的其他vp1基因之间存在许多核甘酸差异．核甘酸的变异导致其编码蛋白质的某些氨基酸发生改变．氨基酸的改变主要集中在VP1蛋白的29、75、125、141、144、251、254、447位．在这些变异中，许多氨基酸的电荷和／或疏水性发生了改变，例如：Gly→Glu、Val→Glu、Ala→Thr、Leu→Gln、Cys→Trp、Leu→Arg、Arg→Ala、Gly→Ser、Ser→Ala、Glu→Gly、Gly→Thr等．通过CLUSTAL X软件比较了6个不同的vp1基因．该vp1基因已被GenBank登录(登录编号：AF448446)．VP1蛋白是CAV的唯一衣壳蛋白，因此VP1的氨基酸变异可能影响该蛋白质的抗原特征．对该vp1基因进一步进行免疫学研究具有重要意义，并且有可能应用该基因构建CAV基因工程疫苗．图1表3参20     

Fitness costs of an immune response in the house martin (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Delichon urbica</Emphasis>)

Immune responses constitute a major way for hosts to defend themselves against parasites. Because hosts do not habitually produce strong responses all the time, immune responses might be costly to produce or maintain. We tested experimentally if the production of a response to a challenge with a novel antigen resulted in a cost in terms of fitness using the highly colonial house martin Delichon urbica as a model system. We injected adult breeding birds during laying of the first clutch with either Newcastle disease virus (NDV) or a control injection, and the clutch was subsequently removed to induce relaying. NDV stimulates the non-specific immune system, causing production of antibodies during a period of more than 2 weeks. Accordingly, we found an increase in leukocyte counts in experimental birds compared to controls. Experimental treatment reduced the frequency of re-laying, caused a delay in timing of relaying and a reduction in brood size. Quality of nestlings in terms of body size, body mass and T-cell-mediated immune response did not differ significantly between treatments. Overall, seasonal reproductive success differed significantly between treatments, showing that the production of an immune response by adult birds is costly in terms of future fecundity.     

腾冲热海高温酸性热泉类病毒颗粒的多样性

为了解云南腾冲热海高温酸性热泉中类病毒颗粒的多样性及特征,采用电子显微镜、双层平板及DNA限制性酶切分析等方法,从腾冲热海61~94℃酸性热泉富集液中分离纯化病毒颗粒,对病毒形态特征进行分析比较.结果显示:腾冲热海不同酸性热泉样品富集培养物中病毒DNA的限制性酶切图谱差异明显;病毒液中共观察到4种不同类型的病毒状颗粒,依据其形态特征,大致可以分为头尾型病毒、丝状病毒、球状病毒、纺锤型病毒;这些病毒形态与分离自美国、日本、冰岛等地的高温酸性热泉病毒形态基本相似,多数类似于硫化叶菌已发现的病毒,可见腾冲热海高温酸性热泉中类病毒颗粒具有一定的多样性.同时分离获得一株硫化叶菌病毒,呈纺锤形,一端有尾,纺锤形头部的大小为220 nm×80 nm,尾部的长度变化很大,从20~100 nm不等,平均长度为50 nm左右,病毒有囊膜,囊膜的厚度约为10~15 nm,该病毒的形态特征、形成抑菌斑的大小及宿主菌株的特性与分离自腾冲热海的第一株硫化叶菌病毒STSV1差异显著,可能为一株新的硫化叶菌病毒,故命名为STSV2(Sulfolobus tengchongensis spindle-shaped virus 2).     

Evaluation of the relationship of picoplankton and viruses to environmental variables in a lagoon system (Çakalburnu Lagoon,Turkey)

Lagoons are defined as wetlands separated from the sea coasts on which they are located and sit between continental and marine aquatic ecosystems. Çakalburnu Lagoon is a coastal wetland on the southern side of the Bay of ?zmir. Microorganisms, which are quite sensitive to changes occurring in environmental factors, are commonly used to determine the impact of environmental effects on the functioning of the ecosystem. In this study, variations in the abundance and biomass of picoplankton (Synechococcus spp. and bacteria) and the abundance of viruses, which identify the ecological productivity of the food chain, were seasonally examined by epifluorescence microscopy. Moreover, the microbial abundance and biomass relation over time between the physical and chemical parameters was evaluated. According to our results, the maximum abundance of Synechococcus spp. and viruses was 6.7?×?10⁴ cell/ml and 9.9?×?10⁸?cell/ml in the summer, respectively. Otherwise, the highest level of bacteria was measured at 3.6?×?10⁷ cell/ml in the spring. Based on the principal component analysis and Pearson correlation analysis results, we concluded that total suspended solids, Chl-a, particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen were the major parameters influencing the observed variability of the lagoon system. Overall, to protect and improve the ecological and microbiological quality of aquatic systems such as lagoons, the necessary monitoring and measurement studies should be conducted in these sensitive areas.