预防磷化氢中毒

2004年11月6日下午13时许,某塑料颗粒厂女工李某、文某2人,用剪刀剪割一批废塑料布为小块,以便热塑机造粒使用。剪割过程中,她们闻到有鱼腥味,但未留意,继续工作。15min后,2人相继出现心慌、冷汗、恶心、头痛、头晕、无力等症状。当天下午16时,她们被送往当地县医院救治,不见好转,于当晚9点转入解放军252医院。当时的临床症状及体征以恶心、头晕、口渴、四肢震颤表现为主,伴有面部紫红、头疼、心慌、无力、腹胀、排便感、无尿等。     

红升水库藻源性嗅味问题解析

2021年红升水库出现了一次严重的饮用水嗅味问题,结合同期的水样采集和分析,对嗅味特征、嗅味物质和藻类等主要参数进行了系统调查。采用嗅味层次分析法(FPA)对嗅味类型和强度进行了评估,并参考主成分(PCA)和相关性分析结果对藻类和嗅味物质进行关联。在藻类物种中,绿藻和硅藻最为丰富,占比分别为43.6%和29.1%。其中,星杆藻属密度最大(5.58×10⁵细胞·mL^-1)。检测到土臭素(GSM)、2-甲基异莰醇(2-MIB)、庚醛、壬醛、癸醛、2,4-庚二烯醛、2,6-壬二烯醛、2,4-癸二烯醛等8种嗅味物质。根据FPA分析,红升水库饮用水嗅味为强烈的鱼腥味伴随轻微的土臭味、霉味,2种嗅味强度最高值均出现在水库西南侧的荷花池附近。PCA分析结果表明,饱和醛(庚醛、壬醛和癸醛)是产生鱼腥味的主要嗅味物质,但不饱和醛的影响仍不可忽略。庚醛和2,4-癸二烯醛可能与硅藻中星杆藻属和小环藻属的生长代谢有关,而壬醛、2,4-庚二烯醛和2,6-壬二烯醛则可能是绿藻中衣藻属和实球藻属的代谢产物。研究结果表明,蓝藻的暴发是红升水库出现土臭味、霉味的主要原因,而更...     

A fishy odor episode in a north China reservoir：Occurrence, origin, and possible odor causing compounds

A significant outbreak of fishy odor occurred in a reservoir located in Inner Mongolia, China, in the winter of 2011, and the odor rating, algal density and concentrations of some potential odorous compounds were monitored over a period of two months. The peak odor rating of the fishy odor was 7 according to flavor profile analysis. Among the dominant algal species （two diatom and one chrysophyte species） observed during the survey, the chrysophyte Dinobryon sp. was the most abundant species, with the peak density recorded at 88,520 cells/mL. Seven potential algal metabolites including heptanal, 2,4-heptadienal, 2,4-decadienal, nonanal, 2-octenal, 2,6- nonadienal and hexanal were detected. The principal component analysis result showed that n-hexanal, n-heptanal and 2,4-decadienal, possibly the metabolites of diatoms, and 2,4-heptadienal, possibly the metabolite of Dinobryon sp., might have contributed to the fishy odor episode. This study demonstrated that the fishy odor episode in this reservoir might be caused by the abnormal growth of chrysophytes and diatoms under the ice-cover.