大气多环芳烃区域迁移转化模型比较与关键影响因素:以京津冀地区为例

针对芘(Pyr)和苯并[a]芘(BaP),以京津冀地区2014年为例分别构建CMAQ和BETR模型系统开展数值模拟,对比评估两种模型对PAHs大气迁移转化的模拟效果,并利用XGBoost模型识别CMAQ中影响PAHs环境行为的关键大气物理化学过程和参数.结果表明,BETR和CMAQ模拟年均值与实测年均值比值基本在1/2～2之间,且CMAQ模拟值和实测值季节变化趋势相同,验证了两类模型结果的可靠性.同时,将CMAQ模型9 km网格模拟浓度平均至27 km网格并和BETR模拟浓度的对比结果显示,BETR模型Pyr和BaP模拟浓度平均分别约为CMAQ年均模拟浓度的1.59倍和1.38倍,两类模型在年均浓度水平和空间分布方面具有较好的可比性.基于XGBoost模型的SHAP变量重要性分析表明,边界层高是对Pyr和BaP迁移转化影响最大的气象因素,其重要性在所有因素中占比高达22%～35%,在部分城市和污染物中对浓度变化的贡献甚至超过排放量,且和两种PAHs浓度呈显著负相关;PAHs浓度水平其次受风速影响最大,且风速和PAHs浓度呈负相关关系;风向对不同城市污染物浓度的影响则各不相同.     

Development of continental scale multimedia contaminant fate models: integrating GIS

The incentives and approaches for modelling chemical fate at a continental scale are discussed and reviewed. It is suggested that a multi-media model consisting of some 20-30 regions, each of which contains typically seven environmental compartments represents a reasonable compromise between the issues of the need for detailed resolution, avoidance of excessive data demands and inherent complexity and transparency. Strategies adopted in compiling the Berkley-Trent (BETR) model for North America are discussed and used to illustrate the issues of selecting appropriate number and nature of segments, treatment of air and water flows and the acquisition of environmental data. It is suggested that GIS software can play a valuable role in gathering and processing such data and in the display and interpretation of the results of the model assessment. The BETR model will be a useful tool for describing the nature of persistence and long-range transport of chemicals of concern in the North American environment.