常温酸性腐蚀对热障涂层性能的影响

采用酸性盐雾腐蚀试验对物理气相沉积法制备的热障涂层进行了常温腐蚀,研究了常温酸性盐雾腐蚀对热障涂层的微观形貌以及高温性能的影响.试验结果表明：常温酸性腐蚀使热障涂层表面变得粗糙不平,产生了较大的裂纹.经过150次高温循环氧化后,顶层氧化锆晶粒排列疏松,裂纹进一步扩展,中间层--粘结层氧化速度加快,生成了疏松的TGO层.TGO的体积膨胀效应使得陶瓷/粘结层界面结合力降低,缩短了涂层的使用寿命.     

CTMAB增强调控沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的作用

研究了经十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS]、曲拉通(TX-100)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性前后的沉积物(生物膜)吸附双酚A(BPA)的能力,并分析了CTMAB在沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA过程中的增强机理及表面吸附和分配作用在总吸附中的贡献.研究结果表明,三种表面活性剂对沉积物(生物膜)吸附BPA的促进作用大小...     

PVC/PES-g-PEGMA共混膜的制备及其耐污染性能

首先将聚乙二醇单甲基甲醚酯(PEGMA)接枝到聚醚砜(PES)上得到PES-g-PEGMA,然后利用溶液共混的方法,将聚氯乙烯(PVC)与PES-g-PEGMA共混,通过溶剂-非溶剂扩散诱导相分离法(NIPS)制备PVC/PES-g-PEGMA共混膜。在此基础上对PVC/PES-g-PEGMA共混膜的断面和表面微观结构、水通量、截留率、机械性能及耐污染等性能进行测试,并采用接触角,含水率(EWC),X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)来表征PES-g-PEGMA的质量百分含量对PVC/PES-g-PEGMA共混膜亲水性的影响。结果表明,PVC/PES-g-PEGMA共混膜水通量,亲水性较纯PVC有很大程度的提高。耐污染性实验表明,随着PES-g-PEGMA的增加,耐污染性逐渐增强。实验结果同时也表明,该共混体系最佳共混比为7∶3。     

Managing the Use of Copper-Based Antifouling Paints

Copper is the biocide of choice for present-day antifouling (AF) paints. It is also a major source of copper loading in to the marine environment and, as such, might cause local copper levels to exceed water quality criteria. The present study is multifaceted and looks into the overall impact of copper-based AF paints on copper concentrations along a 64-km stretch of the Indian River Lagoon and at Port Canaveral, Florida. This preliminary study is one of the first to outline issues and present background evidence on the current status of copper and copper-based AF usage in Florida and to address the need for management. Previous measurements of copper levels in these waters show a history of copper contamination close to marinas, boatyards, and at Port Canaveral that often exceed state and federal water quality standards. Further, we estimate that the total annual copper input into the Indian River Lagoon is between 1.7 tons/year (sailboats) and 2.1 tons/year (powerboats) from boats in 14 marinas. We estimate the copper input into Port Canaveral to be about 1.4 tons/year from seven cruise ships. A brief survey of marina operators and boat owners revealed attitudes and practices associated with AF paint usage that ranged from excellent to inferior. Management recommendations are made for a proactive approach to improving AF paint selection and application, assessing the environmental status of copper, and redefining existing management practices for sustainable AF paint usage and environmental health.     

热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响

目的研究电子束物理气相沉积热障涂层对单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能的影响,为热障涂层在涡轮叶片上的应用提供技术支持。方法采用真空电弧镀和电子束物理气相沉积工艺制备YSZ热障涂层,进行900℃条件下高周疲劳性能测试,采用扫描电镜对测试后的试样表面、断口形貌进行观察与分析。结果在900℃、380 MPa条件下,带涂层的DD6单晶试棒循环次数(Nf)超过了107,420 MPa条件下超过了106。通过对DD6单晶试棒断口分析,失效后的带涂层试棒仍以DD6单晶常见滑移解离形式发生破坏。结论高周疲劳性能测试条件下,带YSZ热障涂层的试棒中粘结层率先产生垂直微裂纹,但是裂纹扩展延伸中发生氧化钝化,之后DD6基体沿正常的滑移方向从表面向内部疲劳扩展,带涂层的试棒疲劳裂纹并非由涂层微裂纹直接扩展形成,热障涂层对DD6单晶高温合金高周疲劳性能影响较小。     

光催化剂AgBr/Ag2MoO4@AgVO3的结构表征及其抗菌防污性能

目的制备新型的光催化复合材料,提高其光催化性能。方法通过水热法和原位生长法制备不同摩尔比的AgBr/Ag_2MoO_4@AgVO_3光催化剂。采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等一系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行表征,并以可见光为光源,有机污染物罗丹明B(RhB)为降解对象,进行光催化活性测试,考察不同复合量的光催化剂对反应活性的影响。同时,以铜绿假单胞菌细胞、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌为模式菌,进行抗菌试验考察光催化剂的杀菌性能。结果该复合材料通过AgVO_3的(501)晶面、Ag_2MoO_4的(311)面和AgBr的(200)晶面紧密连接。在罗丹明B(RhB)溶液中加入该复合材料,120 min内降解率达到了94.9%,而纯AgVO_3的降解率为7.8%,说明复合后的材料光催化性能明显提高。此外,在光催化杀菌实验中,超过99.99%的大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和铜绿假单胞菌细胞均在90 min内被杀死。结论复合后的AgBr/Ag_2MoO_4@AgVO_3异质结光催化剂具有优异的光催化降解性能、杀菌性能和稳定性,该催化剂对于环境污染的治理以及海洋杀菌防污处理都起到一定的作用。     

干湿交替频率对有机涂层失效过程的影响

目的研究干湿交替频率对有机涂层失效过程的影响。方法应用电化学阻抗谱技术,结合浸泡过程中涂层表面以及基底金属的形貌变化,对比研究高频率干湿交替环境和低频率干湿交替环境下,浸泡初期、浸泡中期、浸泡末期有机涂层的失效过程及特征。结果高频率干湿交替环境下,涂层在浸泡初期、中期、末期所经历的时长分别为13、2、5d,而低频干湿交替环境下,涂层在浸泡初期、中期、末期所经历的时长分别为18、4、46 d。对比来看,高频率干湿交替显著缩短了浸泡后期的时长,加速涂层失效过程。此外,高频干湿交替使涂层起泡位置分布均匀,基底金属均匀腐蚀,这与低频干湿交替环境恰好相反。结论高频率干湿交替环境下,涂层失效较快,涂层剥离及基底金属腐蚀较均匀。     

废弃硅钼棒循环再利用制备MoSi2 基抗氧化涂层

目的在实现钼资源循环再利用的同时,提高钼合金高温抗氧化性能。方法将废弃硅钼棒破碎、球磨制成粉末,并结合玻璃粉和硅粉作为原料,采用浆料法在钼基体上制备MoSi_2基抗氧化涂层。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射和1400℃静态等温氧化实验等分析涂层的微观组织、结构及抗氧化性能。结果制备的MoSi_2基抗氧化涂层厚度约500μm,涂层整体上呈现出相对致密的结构。在1400℃氧化20h后,涂层质量增量为5.88 mg/cm2,呈现出较好的防氧化效果。结论利用浆料法,以废弃硅钼棒为原料,在实现钼资源回收再利用的同时,为钼合金表面制备具有较好抗氧化性能的MoSi_2基抗氧化涂层。氧化过程中,涂层在表面形成了一层致密的SiO2玻璃,具有较强的阻氧能力,减少氧气向基体的渗入,可以在高温氧化环境有效提升钼基体的抗氧化能力。     

低频率干湿交替环境中有机涂层失效过程

目的 研究低频率干湿循环条件下的有机涂层失效过程。方法 应用电化学阻抗谱技术,结合浸泡过程中涂层表面以及基底金属的形貌变化,对比研究全浸环境和低频率干湿交替环境下,浸泡初期、浸泡中期、浸泡末期有机涂层的失效过程及特征。结果 低频率干湿交替环境下,涂层在浸泡初期、中期、末期所经历的时长分别为18、4、46天,较全浸环境来讲,显著缩短了浸泡中期的时长,同时也显著延长了浸泡末期的时长。两种环境下的涂层均发生明显的局部剥离,且基底金属也均有明显的局部腐蚀。结论 低频率干湿交替环境明显延长了涂层的失效过程,且此环境下基底金属出现了明显的局部腐蚀。     

Contribution of Pendant Ester Group Hydrolysis to the Erosion of Acrylic Polymers in Binders Aimed at Organotin-Free Antifouling Paints

Specific polymeric material applications as bioactive molecules delivery systems involve a strictly controlled degradation of polymer matrixes. One possibility to obtain a zero-order kinetic for small molecules release consists in a simple hydrolysis of ester groups contained in the macromolecular structure. The chemical degradation can lead to the continuous surface erosion of the formulated resins without loss of their mechanical properties and to a permanent activity of the delivery systems. Hydrolysis is a very well-known reaction in the case of organic molecules containing ester groups. The mechanism seems to be more complicated when ester groups are located in macromolecular structures. With the aim of antifouling applications, acrylic acid polymers bearing lateral ester groups of different chemical structures (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, hydrolyzable) have been prepared, characterized, and immersed in water, at pH 8, and their hydrolysis has been studied. Experimental data display two parameters, at least, which must be taken into account: the reactivity of the ester groups toward hydrolysis and the hydrophilic/hydrophobic balance of the polymer. The susceptibility of the acrylic polymers to hydrolysis has been compared to the erosion characteristics of the corresponding films. The results confirm that hydrolysis is necessary to obtain a regular degradation of the films without loss of mechanical properties. A relationship has been observed between the characteristics of hydrolysis and erosion for each studied polymer.