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综述了酶传感器、酶联免疫传感器、液相色谱、荧光光谱和流动注射化学发光等方法在环境水西维因残留检测中的应用,对各种分析方法的工作原理作了简要介绍,并对其应用前景作了展望. 相似文献
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Hela Toumi Karen F. Burga-Perez Jean-François Ferard 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(1):57-62
The ecotoxic effects of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) were investigated with a battery of four aquatic bioassays. The nominal effective concentrations immobilizing 50% of Daphnia magna (EC50) after 24 and 48 h were 12.76 and 7.47 µg L?1, respectively. After 21 days of exposure of D. magna, LOECs (lowest observed effect concentrations) for cumulative molts and the number of neonates per surviving adult were observed at carbaryl concentration of 0.4 µg L?1. An increase of embryo deformities (curved or unextended shell spines) was observed at 1.8 and 3.7 µg L?1, revealing that carbaryl could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna. Other bioassays of the tested battery were less sensitive: the IC50-72h and IC10-72h of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were 5.96 and 2.87 mg L?1, respectively. The LC50-6d of the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens was 4.84 mg L?1. A growth inhibition of H. incongruens was registered after carbaryl exposure and the IC20-6d was 1.29 mg L?1. Our results suggest that the daphnid test sensitivity was better than other used tests. Moreover, carbaryl has harmful and toxic effects on tested species because it acts at low concentrations on diverse life history traits of species and induce embryo deformities in crustaceans. 相似文献
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K. Venkateswarlu K. Chendrayan N. Sethunathan 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(4):421-429
Abstract The persistence of the methylcarbamate pesticide carbaryl was studied in four soils under flooded conditions. A substantial portion of the pesticide was recovered from all soils even after 15 days of its application, with the recovery ranging from 37% in an alluvial soil to 73% in an acid sulfate soil. The degradation of carbaryl was more rapid under flooded conditions than under nonflooded conditions. A bacterium, Pseudomonas cepacia, isolated from a flooded soil amended with a related methylcarbamate pesticide carbofuran, degraded carbaryl in a mineral medium supplemented with yeast extract. 相似文献
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K. M. S. Sundaram S. Y. Szeto 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(5):579-599
Abstract An oil‐based formulation of carbaryl (1‐naphthyl N‐methyl‐carbamate) (Sevin‐2‐Oil) was applied twice by a fixed‐wing aircraft at a dosage rate of 280 g of A.I./ha/application to a coniferous forest near Allardville, New Brunswick. The highest concentrations of the chemical in fir foliage, litter and forest soil 1 h after application were respectively 4.20, 1.21 and 0.59 ppm (fresh weight). The residues dissipated rapidly and the DT50 values obtained from the depletion curves were 2.3 d for foliage and 1.5 d for litter and soil samples. Very low levels (<0.1 ppm) of carbaryl persisted in foliage and litter beyond the 10 d sampling period. The maximum residue level found in stream water was 0.314 ppm and more than 50% of it had dissipated within 1 h. Low but detectable levels (0.001 ppm) of the chemical persisted in water until the end of the 10 d sampling period. Sediment samples contained a maximum level of 0.04 ppm, which dissipated below the detection limit within 5 h. Brook trout and slimy sculpins captured in the stream 1 d after the spray contained on average about 0.04 ppm of carbaryl and none of it was found in 3 d postspray samples. 相似文献
5.
In this study, a photocatalytic material consisting of ZnO and yttrium-doped ZnO (YZO) nanoparticles was obtained via a facile precipitation conducted under ambient pressure whereby crystalline ZnO was successfully doped with yttrium. YZO had a hexagonal wurtzite polycrystalline structure with smaller crystal and grain sizes than ZnO, which in turn meant larger specific surface area and pore volume. Chemical defects were also produced, which facilitated photocatalytic activity, because such defects can act as reaction centers. The optical band gap magnitude and the diamagnetic nature of YZO were also determined. The structural, crystalline, and chemical defects of YZO synergistically enhanced the photocatalytic degradation of carbaryl; indeed, the kinetic rate constant of this reaction catalyzed by YZO was 11.17 × 10−2 min−1 under natural sunlight irradiation, higher than the value measured for ZnO (8.68 × 10−2 min−1). Evidence thus indicates that yttrium-doping effectively modified some properties of ZnO nanoparticles so that YZO nanoparticles proved a suitable photocatalytic material for carbaryl degradation. 相似文献
6.
建立了固相微萃取-气相色谱法测定水中痕量甲萘威的方法,并对固相微萃取条件进行了优化。结果显示,固相萃取的最佳条件为:水样pH值≤3,不添加无机盐,聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS,100μm)作为萃取纤维,萃取温度为80℃,萃取时间为30 min,解吸时间为90 s。优化后的方法,在甲萘威质量浓度0.01~1.0 mg/L范围内线性良好,相关系数为0.999 5,方法的精密度为1.9%,检出限为0.3μg/L,加标回收率为85.6%~92.4%,可满足地表水中甲萘威的测定要求。 相似文献
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用二氯甲烷萃取水中的甲萘威和阿特拉津,经旋转蒸发和氮吹富集浓缩后,采用高效液相色谱二极管阵列检测器在222 nm波长下测定。甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.100 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限分别为0.031 μg/L和0.027 μg/L,空白水样加标平均回收率为78.5%~91.7%,平行测定3次的RSD<5%。 相似文献
8.
Abstract 14C‐carbaryl and 14C‐1‐naphthol form soil bound residues which get partially released when barley was grown. 14C‐residues could be detected in both shoot and root in the case of carbaryl treatment while only roots showed 14C‐residues in the case of 1‐naphthol. Flooding enhanced release of the bound residues while soil amendment did not. There was greater mineralization of bound residues of carbaryl than that of 1‐naphthol. Rice straw amendment enhanced mineralization. 相似文献
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固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱(SPE - HPLC)二极管阵列检测器同时测定水中呋喃丹、甲萘威和阿特拉津,以甲醇-水为流动相,采用梯度洗脱方式,选择220 nm为检测波长,二氯甲烷为洗脱剂.呋喃丹在0.200 mg/L ~5.00 mg/L、甲萘威和阿特拉津在0.020 mg/L~5.00 mg/L范围内线性良好,检出限... 相似文献
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