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排序方式: 共有187条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
持久性有机污染物(POPs)及其生态毒性的研究现状与展望 总被引:20,自引:0,他引:20
持久性有机污染物(POPs)是一类具有持久性、易于生物富集、对人和生物具有毒性的有机污染物质。POPs已成为全球关注的热点问题,它们对人和生物具有免疫毒性、内分泌毒性、生殖发育影响、致癌性以及其它一些毒性效应。因此应加强POPs生态毒性的研究。 相似文献
2.
ERIC N. POWELL JOHN M. KLINCK EILEEN E. HOFMANN MARGARET A. McMANUS 《Environmental management》2003,31(1):0100-0121
A hydrodynamic–oyster population model was developed to assess the effect of changes in freshwater inflow on oyster populations
in Galveston Bay, Texas, USA. The population model includes the effects of environmental conditions, predators, and the oyster
parasite, Perkinsus marinus, on oyster populations. The hydrodynamic model includes the effects of wind stress, river runoff, tides, and oceanic exchange
on the circulation of the bay. Simulations were run for low, mean, and high freshwater inflow conditions under the present
(1993) hydrology and predicted hydrologies for 2024 and 2049 that include both changes in total freshwater inflow and diversions
of freshwater from one primary drainage basin to another.
Freshwater diversion to supply the Houston metropolitan area is predicted to negatively impact oyster production in Galveston
Bay. Fecundity and larval survivorship both decline. Mortality from Perkinsus marinus increases, but to a lesser extent. A larger negative impact in 2049 relative to 2024 originates from the larger drop in fecundity
under that hydrology. Changes in recruitment and mortality, resulting in lowered oyster abundance, occur because the bay volume
available for mixing freshwater input from the San Jacinto and Buffalo Bayou drainage basins that drain metropolitan Houston
is small in comparison to the volume of Trinity Bay that presently receives the bulk of the bay's freshwater inflow. A smaller
volume for mixing results in salinities that decline more rapidly and to a greater extent under conditions of high freshwater
discharge.
Thus, the decline in oyster abundance results from a disequilibrium between geography and salinity brought about by freshwater
diversion. Although the bay hydrology shifts, available hard substrate does not. The simulations stress the fact that it is
not just the well-appreciated reduction in freshwater inflow that can result in decreased oyster production. Changing the
location of freshwater inflow can also significantly impact the bay environment, even if the total amount of freshwater inflow
does not change. 相似文献
3.
水稻重金属生态毒性诊断研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从植物生态毒理学的角度,结合国内外研究成果,阐述了单一重金属和复合重金属在水稻中的生态毒性诊断研究进展,提出今后可以考虑追踪重金属在水稻中的运动规律,探讨复合污染对水稻的生态毒性. 相似文献
4.
Dietary uptake is the major way that inorganic arsenic (iAs) enters into benthic fish; however, the metabolic process of dietborne iAs in fish muscle following chronic exposure remains unclear. This was a 40-day study on chronic dietborne iAs [arsenite (AsIII) and arsenate (AsV)] exposure in the benthic freshwater food fish, the crucian carp (Carassius auratus), which determined the temporal profiles of iAs metabolism and toxicokinetics during exposure. We found that an adaptive response occurred in the fish body after iAs dietary exposure, which was associated with decreased As accumulation and increased As transformation into a non-toxic As form (arsenobetaine). The bioavailability of dietary AsIII was lower than that of AsV, probably because AsIII has a lower ability to pass through fish tissues. Dietary AsV exhibited a high potential for transformation into AsIII species, which then accumulated in fish muscle. The largely produced AsIII considered more toxic at the earlier stage of AsV exposure should attract sufficient attention to human exposure assessment. Therefore, the pristine As species and exposure duration had significant effects on As bioaccumulation and biotransformation in fish. The behavior determined for dietborne arsenic in food fish is crucial for not only arsenic ecotoxicology but also food safety. 相似文献
5.
Hela Toumi Karen F. Burga-Perez Jean-François Ferard 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2016,51(1):57-62
The ecotoxic effects of carbaryl (carbamate insecticide) were investigated with a battery of four aquatic bioassays. The nominal effective concentrations immobilizing 50% of Daphnia magna (EC50) after 24 and 48 h were 12.76 and 7.47 µg L?1, respectively. After 21 days of exposure of D. magna, LOECs (lowest observed effect concentrations) for cumulative molts and the number of neonates per surviving adult were observed at carbaryl concentration of 0.4 µg L?1. An increase of embryo deformities (curved or unextended shell spines) was observed at 1.8 and 3.7 µg L?1, revealing that carbaryl could act as an endocrine disruptor in D. magna. Other bioassays of the tested battery were less sensitive: the IC50-72h and IC10-72h of the algae Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata were 5.96 and 2.87 mg L?1, respectively. The LC50-6d of the ostracod Heterocypris incongruens was 4.84 mg L?1. A growth inhibition of H. incongruens was registered after carbaryl exposure and the IC20-6d was 1.29 mg L?1. Our results suggest that the daphnid test sensitivity was better than other used tests. Moreover, carbaryl has harmful and toxic effects on tested species because it acts at low concentrations on diverse life history traits of species and induce embryo deformities in crustaceans. 相似文献
6.
Humans can consume a number of types of biota tissues, which have varying propensities to accumulate radionuclides. As a result, depending upon the biota species, the radionuclide and the tissue under consideration, it may be necessary to estimate the percent radionuclide load in specific edible tissues, and in cases where whole organisms are consumed, to estimate the radionuclide load in the whole body of an organism, based on data that have been collected for individual tissues. To accomplish this, data were compiled that can be used to estimate the partitioning patterns and percent loads of various groups of elements in edible tissues of freshwater fishes. General trends in partitioning, such as those provided in this paper, can be used to predict radionuclide transfer to humans and the corresponding potential radiological dose to humans via dietary pathways, in this case following the consumption of fish. 相似文献
7.
Fluoxetine is a widely used antidepressant, frequently found in aquatic ecosystems. We investigated its effects on two freshwater prosobranch gastropods: Valvata piscinalis (European valve snail) and Potamopyrgus antipodarum (New Zealand mudsnail), which have different reproductive modes. The fecundity of V. piscinalis (cumulate number of eggs at day 42) was not affected with an NOEC of 100 μg/L nominal concentration (69 μg/L measured concentration). The mudsnail P. antipodarum responded in a biphasic dose-effect curve at low concentrations. The cumulate number of neonates at day 42 had an LOEC of 100 μg/L (69 μg/L) and an NOEC of 33.3 μg/L (13 μg/L), whereas the embryos in the brood pouch at day 42 only showed an LOEC of 3.7 μg/L (1 μg/L). We also observed histological effects in P. antipodarum (gonadal thickness). Among the sexual steroids we measured only testosterone which varied, independent of reproduction. Moreover the use of two closely related species highlights the interspecific variability. 相似文献
8.
油田固体废物的毒性试验研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对某油田3个区域井场的废弃钻井液和取自集输站及注水站的油泥(砂)等两种固体废物进行急性生物毒性试验和浸出毒性试验,试验结果表明:该油田的废弃钻井液急性生物毒性相对较大,油泥(砂)不具有急性生物毒性;这两种固体废物均不具有浸出毒性和腐蚀性。 相似文献
9.
应用流式细胞仪监测太湖藻类初探 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
流式细胞仪在海水微型浮游生物监测领域应用较为广泛,但在淡水藻类定量研究以及生物监测中应用仍较少。探讨了应用便携式浮游植物流式细胞仪CytoSense监测太湖藻类的可行性和时效性。结果表明,为了提高检测结果的准确性,流式细胞仪的应用过程中最好是现场采样、现场分析。流式细胞仪对藻细胞密度的检测下限为100万个/L,大于100万个/L时检测结果与人工镜检结果相吻合;在悬浮物含量小于108 mg/L的水体中,流式细胞仪检测结果具备较高的准确性。另外,流式细胞仪操作简单、分析速度快、便携性好、无污染,在太湖藻类监测中具有一定应用前景。 相似文献
10.
This study modeled the impact on freshwater ecosystems of pharmaceuticals detected in biosolids following application on agricultural soils. The detected sulfonamides and hydrochlorothiazide displayed comparatively moderate retention in solid matrices and, therefore, higher transfer fractions from biosolids to the freshwater compartment. However, the residence times of these pharmaceuticals in freshwater were estimated to be short due to abiotic degradation processes. The non-steroidal anti-inflammatory mefenamic acid had the highest environmental impact on aquatic ecosystems and warrants further investigation. The estimation of the solid-water partitioning coefficient was generally the most influential parameter of the probabilistic comparative impact assessment. These results and the modeling approach used in this study serve to prioritize pharmaceuticals in the research effort to assess the risks and the environmental impacts on aquatic biota of these emerging pollutants. 相似文献