A comparative study and evaluation of sulfamethoxazole adsorption onto organo-montmorillonites

Three organo-montmorillonites were prepared using surfactants, and their adsorption behaviors toward sulfamethoxazole（SMX） were investigated. The surfactants used were cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide（CTMAB）, 3-（N,N-dimethylhexadecylammonio） propane sulfonate（HDAPS） and 1,3-bis（hexadecyldimethylammonio）-propane dibromide（BHDAP）. The properties of the organo-montmorillonites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2adsorption–desorption isotherm measurements. Results showed that the interlayer spacing of montmorillonite was increased and the surface area as well as the morphology were changed. Batch adsorption experiments showed that the surfactant loading amount had a great effect on the adsorption of SMX. The adsorption process was p H dependent and the maximum adsorption capacity was obtained at p H 3 for HDAPS-Mt, while CTMAB-Mt and BHDAP-Mt showed a high removal efficiency at 3–11. The adsorption capacity increased with the initial SMX concentration and contact time but decreased with increasing solution ionic strength.Kinetic data were best described by the pseudo second-order model. Equilibrium data were best represented by the Langmuir model, and the Freundlich constant（n） indicated a favorable adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacity of SMX was 235.29 mg/g for CTMAB-Mt, 155.28 mg/g for HDAPS-Mt and 242.72 mg/g for BHDAP-Mt. Thermodynamic parameters were calculated to evaluate the spontaneity and endothermic or exothermic nature. The adsorption mechanism was found to be dominated by electrostatic interaction,while hydrophobic interaction played a secondary role.     

吉米奇表面活性剂改性粘土治理赤潮研究

为了证明吉米奇类表面活性剂三烷基聚氧乙烯基三季铵盐（TPQAC）对粘土改性的有效性,利用UV-1100紫外可见分光光度计对其在2种粘土高岭土和膨润土上的吸附行为进行了研究,发现其在2 min内基本可以达到吸附平衡,吸附模式较好的符合双表面Langmuir吸附等温线,吸附量大,经红外分析发现其可以对粘土进行有效改性.作为一种改性粘土在用于赤潮治理之前,有必要对改性剂本身对赤潮藻的灭杀作用以及改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除效果进行研究,为此选择了3种常见的赤潮藻进行了灭杀实验,并对不同比例的改性粘土对赤潮藻的去除情况进行了比较,结果表明,TPQAC用量在2 mg/L时24 h内几乎可以100%的灭杀赤潮藻,粘土与改性剂比例为14左右时对赤潮藻的去除效果最好.同时为了弄清TPQAC在治理赤潮的实际应用中对养殖生物可能造成的危害,选用了黑褐新糠虾为代表性养殖生物,对其48 h急性毒性情况进行了研究,并且室内模拟研究了改性粘土在去除赤潮藻的过程中可能对养殖生物造成的影响,实验发现粘土改性剂对黑褐新糠虾48 h半致死浓度为16.7 mg/L,改性粘土在去除赤潮藻的同时没有对养殖生物造成明显的毒害作用.     

Extinguishing pool fires with aqueous ferrocene dispersions containing gemini surfactants

The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between the dispersibility and fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous ferrocene dispersions containing gemini surfactants belonging to the same series, namely, olfin E1020, olfin PD 201, and surfynol 465. In this study, the dispersibility and ability to suppress pool fires were characterized by turbidity and extinguishing time, respectively. Ultrasonication enabled easy preparation of the aqueous dispersions of ferrocene powder containing the gemini surfactants. Visual observations and turbidity measurements clearly demonstrated that the order of dispersibility was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 ≥ ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201. Fire suppression experiments indicated that the ferrocene diameter, in the ferrocene diameter range of 10.4–21.5 μm, negligibly influenced the extinguishing time. Furthermore, for the same ferrocene samples as were used for the turbidity measurements, the order of extinguishing ability was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201; thus, the extinguishing ability was identical to the dispersibility order.     

功能季铵盐改性蒙脱土吸附刚果红染料

以1,3-双[二(2-羟乙基)十二烷基溴化铵]丙烷(12-3-12(OH))对钠基蒙脱土(Na-Mt)进行插层改性,制备了有机蒙脱土(OMt)。采用FTIR、XRD和SEM等方法对用不同改性剂用量改性的OMt进行了表征,考察了吸附剂用量和体系pH对OMt吸附刚果红(CR)性能的影响,并探究了其吸附规律。表征结果显示:OMt表面有明显的褶皱,层间空隙随着改性剂用量的增加而增大。OMt作为吸附剂去除水中CR的最佳条件为:吸附剂用量0.4 g/L,自然pH (pH=7.12)。准二级动力学模型可以较好地描述1.0 OMt(12-3-12(OH)与Na-Mt可交换阳离子的摩尔比为1∶1)对CR的吸附过程,1.0 OMt吸附CR的过程更符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附量为248.14 mg/g,且为自发的吸热过程。重复使用3次,CR去除率保持在90%左右。