Role of glycine on sulfuric acid-ammonia clusters formation: Transporter or participator

Glycine(Gly) is ubiquitous in the atmosphere and plays a vital role in new particle formation(NPF).However,the potential mechanism of its on sulfuric acid(SA)-ammonia(A)clusters formation under various atmospheric conditions is still ambiguous.Herein,a(Gly)_x·(SA)_y·(A)_z(z≤x+y≤3) multicomponent system was investigated by using density functional theory(DFT) combined with Atmospheric Cluster Dynamics Code(ACDC) at different temperatures and precursor concentrations.The results show that Gly,with one carboxyl(-COOH) and one amine(-NH_2) group,can interact strongly with SA and A in two directions through hydrogen bonds or proton transfer.Within the relevant range of atmospheric concentrations,Gly can enhance the formation rate of SA-A-based clusters,especially at low temperature,low [SA],and median [A].The enhancement(R) of Gly on NPF can be up to 340 at T=218.15 K,[SA]=10~4,[A]=10~9,and [Gly]=10~7 molecules/cm~3.In addition,the main growth paths of clusters show that Gly molecules participate into cluster formation in the initial stage and eventually leave the cluster by evaporation in subsequent cluster growth at low [Gly],it acts as an important "transporter" to connect the smaller and larger cluster.With the increase of [Gly],it acts as a "participator" directly participating in NPF.     

镉处理对大豆幼苗生长及激素含量的影响

采用室内培养试验,通过测定植株生理生化指标,研究了不同浓度Cd²⁺处理对大豆幼苗生长及激素含量的影响.结果表明:①不同浓度Cd²⁺处理对大豆幼苗地下部生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA₃)的合成有抑制效应,对地上部生长素(IAA)和赤霉素(GA₃)的合成具有低浓度下的刺激效应和高浓度下的抑制效应;对地下部、地上部玉米素(Z)和脱落酸(ABA)的合成均有刺激效应.②Cd²⁺处理84h对大豆幼苗根系活力、叶绿素a和叶绿素b的合成有刺激效应,对类胡萝卜素的合成无影响.③Cd²⁺处理对过氧化物酶(POD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量具有低浓度下的抑制效应和高浓度下的激活效应,且随着Cd²⁺浓度的增加激活效应逐渐加强.④短时间、低浓度Cd²⁺胁迫可刺激大豆幼苗的生理活性,以Cd²⁺处理浓度为0.50 mg/L时,大豆幼苗根系活力最大,IAA和GA₃含量最高,POD活性最低,植物生理活性最强.     

La对Cd伤害大豆幼苗的生态生理作用

以盆载法研究了Cd对大豆幼苗的伤害及La对Cd伤害的缓解效应。结果表明,500mg/L CdCl₂严重抑制大豆幼苗的代谢与生长,叶面喷布30mg/LLaCl³一次,能缓解Cd毒造成的伤害。实验证明,这与La能增加大豆幼苗光合速率,提高叶绿素含量与硝酸还原酶活性、降低细胞质膜透性与植株体内Cd含量、维持TTC还原力等多重作用相关。     

聚苯乙烯纳米塑料(PSNPs)对大豆(Glycine max)种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响

为探讨微塑料对农作物的生态毒理效应，研究了两种粒径（20 nm和100 nm）聚苯乙烯纳米塑料（Polystyrene Nanoplastics，PSNPs）在6个浓度梯度（0、50、100、200、500和1000 mg·L^-1）下对大豆（Glycine max）种子发芽和幼苗生长的影响.结果表明，两种粒径PSNPs均抑制种子发芽能力（发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、平均发芽速度和发芽率），其中，发芽抑制率在一定程度上与暴露时间呈负相关关系.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根长、芽长和苗长的影响整体呈"低浓度促进，中高浓度抑制"的规律.20 nm PSNPs对根尖数量无显著影响，而100 nm PSNPs则表现出促进作用.20 nm和100 nm PSNPs对根直径和干重均有抑制作用.综上，PSNPs的植物毒性与粒径和浓度密切相关，在中等浓度（200 mg·L^-1）时，其对大豆幼苗生长的毒害作用最大.     

Effects of salinity on activities of H+-ATPase, H+-PPase and membrane lipid composition in plasma membrane and tonoplast vesicles isolated from soybean (Glycine max L.) seedlings

The effects of NaCI stress on the H^＋-ATPase, H^＋-PPase activity and lipid composition of plasma membrane(PM) and tonoplast(TP) vesicles isolated from roots and leaves of two soybean cultivars( Glycine max L. ) differing in salt tolerance(Wenfeng^7,salt-tolerant; Union, salt-sensitive) were investigated. When Wenfeng^7 was treated with 0.3% (W/V) NaCI for 3 d, the H^＋ -ATP aseactivities in PM and TP from roots and leaves exhibited a reduction and an enhancement, respectively. The H^＋ -PPase activity in TP from roots also increased. Similar effects were not observed in roots of Union. In addition, the increases of phospholipid content and ratios of phospholipid to galactolipid in PM and TP from roots and leaves of Wenfeng^7 may also change membrane permeability and hence affect salt tolerance.     

Large variability in ambient ozone sensitivity across 19 ethylenediurea-treated Chinese cultivars of soybean is driven by total ascorbate

The sensitivity of Chinese soybean cultivars to ambient ozone(O3) in the field is unknown,although soybean is a major staple food in China. Using ethylenediurea(EDU) as an O3 protectant, we tested the gas exchange, pigments, antioxidants and biomass of 19 cultivars exposed to 28 ppm·hr AOT40(accumulated O3 over an hourly concentration threshold of40 ppb) over the growing season at a field site in China. By comparing the average biomass with and without EDU, we estimated the cultivar-specific sensitivity to O3 and ranked the cultivars from very tolerant( 10% change) to highly sensitive( 45% change), which helps in choosing the best-suited cultivars for local cultivation. Higher lipid peroxidation and activity of the ascorbate peroxidase enzyme were major responses to O3 damage, which eventually translated into lower biomass production. The constitutional level of total ascorbate in the leaves was the most important parameter explaining O3 sensitivity among these cultivars. Surprisingly, the role of stomatal conductance was insignificant. These results will guide future breeding efforts towards more O3-tolerant cultivars in China, while strategies for implementing control measures of regional O3 pollution are being implemented. Overall, these results suggest that present ambient O3 pollution is a serious concern for soybean in China, which highlights the urgent need for policy-making actions to protect this critical staple food.     

Assessment of potential soybean cadmium excluder cultivars at different concentrations of Cd in soils

The selection of cadmium-excluding cultivars has been used to minimize the transfer of cadmium into the human food chain. In this experiment, five Chinese soybean plants were grown in three soils with different concentrations of Cd (0.15, 0.75 and 1.12 mg/kg). Variations in uptake, enrichment, and translocation of Cd among these soybean cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the concentration of Cd in seeds that grew at 1.12 mg/kg Cd in soils exceeded the permitted maximum levels in soybeans. Therefore, our results indicated that even some soybean cultivars grown on soils with permitted levels of Cd might accumulate higher concentrations of Cd in seeds that are hazardous to human health. The seeds of these five cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Cd and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. High Cd concentration in soil was found to inhibit the uptake of Mn. Furthermore, Fe and Zn accumulations were found to be enhanced in the seeds of all of the five soybean cultivars in response to high Cd concentration. Cultivar Tiefeng 31 was found to fit the criteria for a Cd-excluding cultivar under different concentrations of Cd in soils.     

战术导弹公路机动运输振动环境条件的研究

目的研究战术导弹在公路机动运输环境下振动试验条件的制定。方法根据某型导弹实地跑车试验测量数据,采用时域统计分析和频域功率谱分析的方法,在基于悬挂频率、轮胎频率、导弹约束状态频率或车架大梁频率和弹上设备安装频率或舱段频率等四类主要频率进行修正的基础上,合理地制定了战术导弹公路机动运输振动环境条件。结果利用本文方法预测弹上和车上设备的振动环境条件,并与试验场跑车试验结果对比分析表明,本文方法正确、合理,具有较高的工程应用价值。结论通过与GJB150A和MIL810G的对比分析表明,本文方法灵活、方便,能够适应于不同种类的产品或设备。     

加拿大一枝黄花和小飞蓬叶浸提液对大豆幼苗生长的复合化感效应

加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)和小飞蓬(Conyza canadensis)常共同入侵至同一农田生态系统。探究了两者对大豆幼苗生长的复合化感作用。加拿大一枝黄花叶浸提液显著抑制大豆幼苗地上生物量。而小飞蓬叶浸提液也明显抑制大豆幼苗地上生物量(未达到显著水平)。与对照处理相比,两者复合叶浸提液处理未显著影响大豆幼苗地上生物量。两者复合叶浸提液处理下大豆幼苗地上生物量显著大于加拿大一枝黄花叶浸提液单一处理,同时也大于小飞蓬叶浸提液单一处理(未达到显著水平)。两者叶浸提液单一处理均明显降低大豆幼苗株高(未达到显著水平)。与对照处理相比,两者复合叶浸提液处理未显著影响大豆幼苗株高。两者复合叶浸提液处理下大豆幼苗株高明显大于两者叶浸提液单一处理(未达到显著水平)。因此,两者叶浸提液对大豆幼苗的生长均具有一定程度的抑制效应,且加拿大一枝黄花叶浸提液对大豆幼苗产生的化感作用(尤其是地上生物量)明显大于小飞蓬。两者复合化感作用明显低于两者单一化感作用,尤其是两者对大豆幼苗地上生物量的复合化感作用显著低于加拿大一枝黄花的单一化感作用。所以,化感效应可能在两者共同入侵(即两者复合作用)进程中所起的贡献低于在两者单一入侵进程中所起的作用。     

侵染大豆的蚕豆萎蔫病毒研究

从杭州市郊的大豆病株上获得一病毒分离物Ｓ１,温室人工摩擦接种７科１６种植物,Ｓ１能侵染其中的５科１４种植物．Ｓ１能由桃蚜、豆蚜以非持久性方式传毒,该分离物的钝化温度为５０～５５℃,稀释限点为１０－３～１０－４,体外保毒期为３～４ｄ（２５℃）．用昆诺藜作繁殖寄主可提到大量球状病毒粒子,ｄ为２５～３０ｎｍ．病毒外壳蛋白主要由两种亚基构成,Ｍｒ分别为４４．７×１０３和２１．９×１０３,病毒基因组由两条ＲＮＡ分子组成,大小分别为６．２ｋｂ与３．８ｋｂ,Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ结果显示３．８ｋｂＲＮＡ与ＢＢＷＶ２蚕豆分离物ＲＮＡ２ｃＤＮＡ有明显杂交反应．病毒粒子电泳后产生相似于豇豆花叶病毒科的快、慢两个电泳型．琼脂双扩散试验中,Ｓ１和ＢＢＷＶ２均能与蚕豆萎蔫病毒２（ＢＢＷＶ２）抗血清形成明显沉淀线,且沉淀线互相融合,Ｗｅｓｔｅｒｎ检测亦表明,此分离物的大小亚基均可与ＢＢＷＶ２抗血清反应．根据以上特性,Ｓ１分离物被鉴定为ＢＢＷＶ２．