顶空／气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅

建立了顶空,气相色谱-质谱法测定水中四乙基铅方法。水样中的四乙基铅直接顶空进样,质谱分析。实验结果表明,在0．10-5．00μg几范围内线性关系良好,方法检出限为0．02μg/L,得到了良好的分离效果与较高的灵敏度和精密度。方法简便快捷,能达到《生活饮用水卫生规范》（GB/T5750．8—2006）中规定的要求。     

关于HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统在我国煤矿应用的探讨

矿井瓦斯爆炸是煤矿井下一种极其严重的灾害,我国在防止瓦斯爆炸事故范围扩大的措施中,多采用巷道安装隔爆岩粉棚或隔爆水棚等被动隔爆措施,而HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统是一种主动抑爆防火系统.通过介绍HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统的原理、结构及特点,分析实例矿井中采掘工作面可能出现瓦斯爆炸的地点,根据爆炸地点确定HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统的井下安装位置,得出我国煤矿推广使用HS矿井阻燃抑爆系统后的优点.     

顶空气相色谱质谱法分析污泥恶臭成分

采用顶空气相色谱质谱(HS/GC-MS)联用技术对污泥恶臭成分进行检测,从污泥恶臭成分中分离多种化合物,并鉴定出烷、醛及苯等有机物。不同地区污泥的性质不尽相同,从而使恶臭成分也产生很大差异。HS/GC-MS法是一种分析污泥恶臭成分的有效方法,为污泥恶臭污染的防治提供了科学依据。     

南非HS抑爆系统性能的试验研究

为了验证南非HS抑爆系统的安全性能,对HS系统进行基本性能试验和系统的整机抑爆效果试验。该系统的喷洒滞后时间、成雾时间、有效雾面持续时间和喷洒率4个基本参数的性能进行了测量和计算。在HS系统的整机抑爆效果试验中,进行4次不同的试验。试验结果表明,HS系统能迅速地产生具有足够的面积和持续时间的喷雾屏障,有效地抑止瓦斯和煤尘的燃烧与爆炸。HS系统具有较好的安全性能和较为广阔的应用前景。     

固体废物浸出液中挥发性有机物顶空/气相色谱测定方法研究

采用顶空/气相色谱法(HS/GC)对固体废物浸出液中挥发性有机物顶空前处理条件、气相色谱分离、定性和定量分析条件进行了研究,优化了固体废物浸出液中挥发性有机物分析的顶空前处理条件和气相色谱分离条件,分析了方法的检出限、精密度及回收率等质量控制参数。在最佳条件下,方法检出限为0.57~10 g/L(以10 ml样品计),精密度为0.5%~9.9%,回收率为89.2%~110%。     

用计算机实现环境噪声的自动监测

国内环境噪声监测仍沿袭着"仪器放点"、"数据整理"、"计算机录入"等旧的一套监测模式,自动化程度较低并且没有留存原始声级数据.文章介绍的用计算机实现环境噪声自动监测,比较好地解决了以上问题.文中对监测系统的功能要求、系统构成、系统软件以及系统的先进性作了简要的说明与阐述.     

Volatile organic compounds at swine facilities: A critical review

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are regulated aerial pollutants that have environmental and health concerns. Swine operations produce and emit a complex mixture of VOCs with a wide range of molecular weights and a variety of physicochemical properties. Significant progress has been made in this area since the first experiment on VOCs at a swine facility in the early 1960s. A total of 47 research institutions in 15 North American, European, and Asian countries contributed to an increasing number of scientific publications. Nearly half of the research papers were published by U.S. institutions.Investigated major VOC sources included air inside swine barns, in headspaces of manure storages and composts, in open atmosphere above swine wastewater, and surrounding swine farms. They also included liquid swine manure and wastewater, and dusts inside and outside swine barns. Most of the sample analyses have been focusing on identification of VOC compounds and their relationship with odors. More than 500 VOCs have been identified. About 60% and 10% of the studies contributed to the quantification of VOC concentrations and emissions, respectively. The largest numbers of VOC compounds with reported concentrations in a single experimental study were 82 in air, 36 in manure, and 34 in dust samples.The relatively abundant VOC compounds that were quantified in at least two independent studies included acetic acid, butanoic acid (butyric acid), dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, iso-valeric, p-cresol, propionic acid, skatole, trimethyl amine, and valeric acid in air. They included acetic acid, p-cresol, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, indole, phenol, propionic acid, iso-valeric acid, and skatole in manure. In dust samples, they were acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, p-cresol, hexanal, and decanal. Swine facility VOCs were preferentially bound to smaller-size dusts.Identification and quantification of VOCs were restricted by using instruments based on gas Chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors most of which require time-consuming procedures to obtain results. Various methodologies and technologies in sampling, sample preparation, and sample analysis have been used. Only four publications reported using GC based analyzers and PTR-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry) that allowed continuous VOC measurement. Because of this, the majority of experimental studies were only performed on limited numbers of air, manure, or dust samples. Many aerial VOCs had concentrations that were too low to be identified by the GC peaks.Although VOCs emitted from swine facilities have environmental concerns, only a few studies investigated VOC emission rates, which ranged from 3.0 to 176.5 mg d⁻¹ kg⁻¹ pig at swine finishing barns and from 2.3 to 45.2 g d⁻¹ m⁻² at manure storages. Similar to the other pollutants, spatial and temporal variations of aerial VOC concentrations and emissions existed and were significantly affected by manure management systems, barn structural designs, and ventilation rates.Scientific research in this area has been mainly driven by odor nuisance, instead of environment or health concerns. Compared with other aerial pollutants in animal agriculture, the current scientific knowledge about VOCs at swine facilities is still very limited and far from sufficient to develop reliable emission factors.     

The influence of institutional design on local environmental interest representation in the national polity

This article investigates structural and informal institutional design variables to account for civil society actors’ views on the political representation of local environmental interests in the national polity. It does so by linking literature on institutional design and place-based environmental advocacy to a case of large scale infrastructure development in the national interest. The case study concerns the proposal for a national high speed rail network (“HS2”) in the United Kingdom, which is heavily opposed locally based on its expected adverse impacts. Through fieldwork research on protest against HS2 in an area of high landscape value, it has been found that local actors perceived specific institutions to structurally under-represent interests associated with environmental conservation, compounded further by an informal style of doing politics. The paper recommends that the environmental management and planning literature turns to institutional explanations to make insightful the dynamics of defending the local interest in the national sphere.     

顶空/气相色谱法测定土壤中挥发性芳烃

采用顶空/气相色谱法(HS/GC)对土壤中挥发性芳烃顶空前处理条件、气相色谱分离、定性和定量分析条件进行了研究,优化了土壤中挥发性芳烃分析的项空前处理条件和气相色谱分离条件,分析了方法的检出限、精密度及回收率等质量控制参数.在最佳条件下,方法检出限大多数小于2.0 μ/kg(以2 g样品计),精密度小于15%,回收率为90%～110%之间.     

静态顶空气相色谱法对土壤中乙醛等物质分析及研究

研究用静态顶空技术处理土壤,从而建立了静态顶空-气相色谱(GC-FID)测定土壤中的乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶的检测分析方法。在一定的静态顶空和气相色谱条件下,进行了顶空的时间和温度优化,确定了静态顶空气相色谱法测定土壤中乙醛、丙烯醛、丙烯腈和吡啶方法的检出限,并取得了满意的分离效果、线性回归方程、精密度和准确度。结果表明:用顶空气相色谱法处理土壤样品,可以减少土壤中待测有机物的损失,提高实验分析的灵敏度和准确度。