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Film boiling chemical vapor infiltration (FB-CVI) is considered as one of the fastest process methodologies for manufacturing carbon-carbon (C–C) composite products and possesses various advantages compared to conventional methodologies. However, there are safety concerns associated with this process for large-scale manufacturing, mainly owing to the intrinsic nature of the precursor and the process conditions. Considering the multifunctional interactions of the various systems during the process, a system-theoretic process analysis (STPA)/system theoretic accident model and process (STAMP) model is used to perform a safety analysis of the hazardous states of the FB-CVI process at the system level. As a case study, the FB-CVI process equipment employed for the manufacturing of C–C composites is considered. The safety constraints present in the system are assessed for adequacy through a hazard analysis by STPA/STAMP. The analysis through STPA/STAMP demonstrated the capability to create proactive strategies for the design and realization of process equipment that can be employed to manufacture C–C composite products through the FB-CVI process. 相似文献
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针对游乐设施行业危险源、损伤、失效和故障四个概念的认知差异,通过研究相关领域这四个概念定义内涵及外延,结合游乐设施安全保障要求高、人-机-环交互频繁、运行工况复杂的特点,重新定义游乐设施这四个概念,辨析相互之间的逻辑关系,并结合游乐设施事故案例进行解析.结果表明:新定义对游乐设施危险源、失效、损伤和故障之间的关系阐述更加清晰准确,为后续的风险评价奠定良好基础. 相似文献
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J. F. Copplestone 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(6):683-688
Abstract The importance of field surveys to provide data on acute pesticide hazards is discussed. The types of questions which small field surveys of pesticide exposure should answer are presented. In addition to protective clothing, the value of distance, time, and personal hygiene in reducing exposure are considered. Finally, the importance of an adequate data base for the development of protocols and guidelines for public protection is discussed. 相似文献
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We develop an understanding of local governmental efforts to address earthquake risks. Our data for a sample of California
and Washington cities' risk-reduction efforts sort into two different clusters of leading jurisdictions as contrasted with
a cluster of lagging jurisdictions. We explain differences among the three categories of cities in terms of different political-economic
factors. Local governmental willingness and ability to undertake risk-reduction programs have more to do with local political
demands and community resources than with objective risk or previous earthquake experience. State mandates have a selective
impact on local risk-reduction efforts. The principal policy lessons concern the need to address gaps in local risk-reduction
efforts through more careful targeting of federal and state earthquake programs and by including stronger teeth within state
mandates. 相似文献
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农民工职业危害防护需求意愿调查分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为了调查农民工职业危害防护的具体需求意愿及他们对企业职业危害管理现状的认知,分析农民工职业危害防护需求意愿与农民工职业危害防护行为之间的关系。采用问卷调查的定量调查方法进行调查。调查对象中男性农民工409人,女性农民工157人。参与问卷调查的农民工,均接触一种及以上的职业性有害因素。调查内容包括了解公司预防和控制职业病的政策,参与公司的职业危害管理决策,实施的职业性健康安全培训、健康监护、个人防护用品的使用等预防和控制职业病的管理措施等方面,本次调查显示,农民工对于预防职业危害表现出强烈的需求愿望,且对企业的职业危害防护现况表示了不满,倾向于采取极端的行为维护自身的健康权益。但另一方面,农民工实际参与企业职业危害防护的行为率较低,与他们的需求意愿相比有明显的差距。 相似文献
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部分国家危险废物的立法及管理比较 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
本文较为全面地介绍了美国、加拿大、日本、中国危险废物的管理制度及立法动向 ,并在比较研究的基础上分析了我国在危险废物管理方面存在的问题 ,最后提出了一些建议。 相似文献
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Travis B. Paveglio Pamela J. Jakes Matthew S. Carroll Daniel R. Williams 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1085-1095
The lack of knowledge regarding social diversity in the Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) or an in-depth understanding of the
ways people living there interact to address common problems is concerning, perhaps even dangerous, given that community action
is necessary for successful wildland fire preparedness and natural resource management activities. In this article, we lay
out the knowledge and preliminary case study evidence needed to begin systematically documenting the differing levels and
types of adaptive capacity WUI communities have for addressing collective problems such as wildland fire hazard. In order
to achieve this end, we draw from two theoretical perspectives encompassing humans' interactions with their environment, including
(1) Kenneth Wilkinson's interactional approach to community, (2) and certain elements of place literature. We also present
case study research on wildfire protection planning in two drastically different California communities to illustrate how
social diversity influences adaptive capacity to deal with hazards such as wildland fire. These perspectives promote an image
of the WUI not as a monolithic entity but a complex mosaic of communities with different needs and existing capacities for
wildland fire and natural resource management. 相似文献
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地质灾害优势面分析理论与方法 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
优势面理论是地质灾害研究的一个新的模式。它认为地质灾害受控于三个系统,优势断裂对地质灾害的地带性分布规律起着控制作用。本文论述了地质灾害优势面分析的主要观点:(1)优势面分析基本思路;(2)评价地质灾害的专家判断、机制分析与定量模型相结合的方法论;(3)优势面减灾防灾主要原理。 相似文献
10.
Resilience to natural hazards: How useful is this concept? 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Resilience is widely seen as a desirable system property in environmental management. This paper explores the concept of resilience to natural hazards, using weather-related hazards in coastal megacities as an example. The paper draws on the wide literature on megacities, coastal hazards, hazard risk reduction strategies, and resilience within environmental management. Some analysts define resilience as a system attribute, whilst others use it as an umbrella concept for a range of system attributes deemed desirable. These umbrella concepts have not been made operational to support planning or management. It is recommended that resilience only be used in a restricted sense to describe specific system attributes concerning (i) the amount of disturbance a system can absorb and still remain within the same state or domain of attraction and (ii) the degree to which the system is capable of self-organisation. The concept of adaptive capacity, which has emerged in the context of climate change, can then be adopted as the umbrella concept, where resilience will be one factor influencing adaptive capacity. This improvement to conceptual clarity would foster much-needed communication between the natural hazards and the climate change communities and, more importantly, offers greater potential in application, especially when attempting to move away from disaster recovery to hazard prediction, disaster prevention, and preparedness. 相似文献