Stabilization of potassium permanganate particles with manganese dioxide

A new potassium permanganate reagent with slow-release properties was designed and tested for possible application in in situ chemical oxidation. For this purpose, MnO₂-coated KMnO₄ particles (MCP) were prepared by partial reduction of solid KMnO₄ using the acid-catalyzed reaction with n-propanol or the comproportionation of Mn(VII) and Mn(II) in n-propanol as reaction medium. Column tests showed that, for MCP with a residual KMnO₄ fraction of 70 wt%, the duration of permanganate release under flow-through conditions was prolonged by a factor of 10 compared to untreated KMnO₄. While KMnO₄ is too soluble to be used in reactive barriers, MCP could be introduced into the aquifer by filling of trenches or boreholes; this would allow a prolonged passive dosing of permanganate into the flowing groundwater. In addition, experiments were conducted in order to determine the oxidation capability of native KMnO₄ particles and MCP in CH₂Cl₂, a representative non-polar non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL). It may be possible to utilize the significantly higher reactivity of MCP under these conditions for the design of slow-release permanganate particles for NAPL source treatment.     

Is it possible to remediate a BTEX contaminated chalky aquifer by in situ chemical oxidation?

An industrial coating site in activity located on a chalky plateau, contaminated by BTEX (mainly xylenes, no benzene), is currently remediated by in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO). We present the bench scale study that was conducted to select the most appropriate oxidant. Ozone and catalyzed hydrogen peroxide (Fenton’s reaction) were discarded since they were incompatible with plant activity. Permanganate, activated percarbonate and activated persulfate were tested. Batch experiments were run with groundwater and groundwater-chalk slurries with these three oxidants. Total BTEX degradation in groundwater was reached with all the oxidants. The molar ratios [oxidant]:[Fe²⁺]:[BTEX] were 100:0:1 with permanganate, 100:100:1 with persulfate and 25:100:1 with percarbonate. Precipitation of either manganese dioxide or iron carbonate (siderite) occurred. The best results with chalk slurries were obtained with permanganate at the molar ratio 110:0:1 and activated persulfate at the molar ratio 110:110:1. To avoid precipitation, persulfate was also used without activation at the molar ratio 140:1. Natural Oxidant Demand measured with both oxidants was lower than 5% of initial oxidant contents. Activated percarbonate was not appropriate because of radical scavenging by carbonated media. Permanganate and persulfate were both effective at oxidant concentrations of ca 1 g kg⁻¹ with permanganate and 1.8 g kg⁻¹ with persulfate and adapted to site conditions. Activation of persulfate was not mandatory. This bench scale study proved that ISCO remediation of a chalky aquifer contaminated by mainly xylenes was possible with permanganate and activated or unactivated persulfate.     

多相抽提和原位化学氧化联合修复技术应用——某有机复合污染场地地下水修复工程案例

某电子机械厂搬迁后原址约1 500 m区域地下水受到了多种类型的有机物复合污染,包括石油烃、苯系物和多环芳烃,并且部分区域发现有明显轻质非水溶相流体(LNAPL)。该案例首先应用多相抽提技术强化回收地下水中的LNAPL,并去除土壤气体和地下水中溶解态的污染物。当地下水中不存在明显LNAPL且污染物浓度不再明显降低后,继续应用原位化学氧化技术进行修复,所使用氧化剂为"过硫酸钠+Na OH"。经过45 d的多相抽提以及4t过硫酸盐氧化剂注射之后,验收监测表明污染区域地下水污染物浓度均达到了修复目标。该案例表明,多种修复技术的联合应用能够明显加快修复进度、提高修复效率、节约修复成本。对于存在LNAPL,且修复目标较严格的有机复合污染场地,多相抽提结合原位化学氧化联合修复是一种较好的修复技术选择。