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1.
脉冲强光杀菌技术是近年来开发的一种新型冷杀菌技术,利用强烈的白光闪照进行杀菌。以枯草杆菌为目标微生物,对比研究脉冲强光与紫外线对微生物的灭活效果。并通过改变脉冲强光装置的输入电压和闪照次数,研究了影响脉冲强光杀菌的影响因素。 相似文献
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Excilamps as modern mercury-free sources of narrow-band UV radiation represent an attractive alternative in environmental applications. This review focuses on recent studies on the water and surface decontamination with excilamps by means of direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes. To date, direct photolysis and advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as UV/H2O2, UV/Fenton and UV/O3 have been applied for degradation of organic compounds (mainly, phenols, dyes and herbicides) in model aqueous solutions. Special emphasis is placed on studies combining UV irradiation (as a pre-treatment or post-treatment step) with biological treatment. In this review, the efficiencies of direct UV, UV/H2O2 and UV/TiO2 processes for inactivation of a variety of pathogenic microorganisms in water and on surfaces are discussed. The analysis of the literature shows that more works need to be done on scaling up the processes, degradation/mineralization of target pollutant(s) in real effluents and evaluation of energy requirements. 相似文献
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Huy Thanh Vo Tsuyoshi Imai Truc Thanh Ho Thanh-Loc Thi Dang Son Anh Hoang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,36(10):38-47
Recently emerging disadvantages in conventional disinfection have heightened the need for finding a new solution. Developments in the use of high pressure carbon dioxide for food preservation and sterilization have led to a renewed interest in its applicability in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. Pressurized CO2 is one of the most investigated methods of antibacterial treatment and has been used extensively for decades to inhibit pathogens in dried food and liquid products. This study reviews the literature concerning the utility of CO2 as a disinfecting agent, and the pathogen inactivation mechanism of CO2 treatment is evaluated based on all available research. In this paper, it will be argued that the successful application and high effectiveness of CO2 treatment in liquid foods open a potential opportunity for its use in wastewater treatment and water disinfection. The findings from models with different operating conditions (pressure, temperature, microorganism, water content, media …) suggest that most microorganisms are successfully inhibited under CO2 treatment. It will also be shown that the bacterial deaths under CO2 treatment can be explained by many different mechanisms. Moreover, the findings in this study can help to address the recently emerging problems in water disinfection, such as disinfection by-products (resulting from chlorination or ozone treatment). 相似文献
4.
Virus retention and transport through Al-oxide coated sand columns: effects of ionic strength and composition 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
Knowledge of the factors that influence the fate and transport of viruses in porous media is very important for accurately determining groundwater vulnerability and for developing protective regulations. In this study, six saturated sand column experiments were performed to examine the effects of a positively charged Al-oxide, which was coated on sand particles, on the retention and transport of viruses (phiX174 and MS-2) in background solutions of different ionic strength and composition. We found that the Al-oxide coating on sand significantly removed viruses during their transport in a phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. Mass balance calculations showed that 34% of the input MS-2 was inactivated/irreversibly sorbed on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand whereas 100% of phiX174 was recovered. Results from this study also indicated that higher ionic strength facilitated the transport of both phiX174 and MS-2 through the Al-oxide coated sand. This was attributed to the effect of ion shielding, which at higher ionic strength decreased the electrostatic attraction between the viral particles and the sand surface and consequently decreased virus sorption. Strong effect of the ionic strength indicates that an outer-sphere complexation mechanism was responsible for the virus sorption on the Al-oxide coated sand. Ion composition of the background solutions was also found to be a significant factor in influencing virus retention and transport. Virus transport was enhanced in the presence of phosphate (HPO(4)(2-)) as compared to bicarbonate (HCO(3)(-)), and the effect of HPO(4)(2-) was more significant on MS-2 than on phiX174. The presence of bivalent cations (Ca(2+) and Mg(2+)) increased virus transport because the cations partially screened the negative charges on the viruses therefore decreased the electrostatic attraction between the positively charged sand surface and the negatively charged viruses. Mass recovery data indicated that bivalent cations gave rise to a certain degree of inactivation/irreversibly sorption of phiX174 on the surface of Al-oxide coated sand. On the contrary, the bivalent cations appeared to have protected MS-2 from inactivation/irreversibly sorption. This study provides some insights into the mechanisms responsible for virus retention and transport in porous media. 相似文献
5.
Mariana Valdez-Castillo Sonia Arriaga 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):43
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Rong Cheng Yingying Zhang Tao Zhang Feng Hou Xiaoxin Cao Lei Shi Peiwen Jiang Xiang Zheng Jianlong Wang 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(8):108
8.
生物硝化池硝化菌流失及失活问题的探讨 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
张祖康 《石油化工环境保护》1996,(2):11-17
针对镇海炼化公司(ZRCC)生物膜法A/O流程硝化段NH3-N容积去除负荷(Fn)较低的问题,运用莫诺特模式和细菌增殖动力学方程对两大影响因素进行了分析。提出了硝化菌的流失和失活是现在生物膜法A/O流程仍未达标的主要原因的观点.在此基础上,指出硝化池的工程设计和运行管理必须满足硝化菌的生理特性,并提出具体的建议. 相似文献
9.
UV light tolerance and reactivation potential of tetracycline-resistant bacteria from secondary effluents of a wastewater treatment plant 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jing-Jing Huang Jinying Xi Hong-Ying Hu Yi Li Sun-Qin Lu Fang Tang Yu-Chen Pang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2016,28(3):146-153
Tetracycline-resistant bacteria (TRB) are of concern as emerging microbial contaminants in reclaimed water. To understand the effects of UV disinfection on TRB, both inactivation and reactivation profiles of TRB, as well as 16 tetracycline-resistant isolates from secondary effluent, were characterized in this study. The inactivation ratio of TRB was significantly lower (3.0-log) than that of heterotrophic bacteria (> 4.0-log) in the secondary effluent. Additionally, the proportion of TRB significantly increased from 1.65% to 15.51% under 20 mJ/cm2 ultraviolet (UV) exposure. The inactivation rates of tetracycline-resistant isolates ranged from 0.57/s to 1.04/s, of which tetracycline-resistant Enterobacter-1 was the most tolerant to UV light. The reactivation of TRB, tetracycline-resistant isolated strains, as well as heterotrophic bacteria commonly occurred in the secondary effluent even after 20 mJ/cm2 UV exposure. The colony forming ability of TRB and heterotrophic bacteria reached 3.2-log and 3.0-log under 20 mJ/cm2 UV exposure after 22 hr incubation. The final inactivation ratio of tetracycline-resistant Enterobacter-1 was 1.18-log under 20 mJ/cm2 UV exposure after 22 hr incubation, which is similar to those of TRB (1.18-log) and heterotrophic bacteria (1.19-log). The increased proportion of TRB and the reactivation of tetracycline-resistant enterobacteria in reclaimed water could induce a microbial health risk during wastewater reuse. 相似文献
10.
Mengtian Li Ge Song Ruiping Liu Xia Huang Huijuan Liu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2022,16(6):70