热辐射的破坏准则和池火灾的破坏半径

热辐射破坏是发生在开放气环境中的池火灾的主要破坏机理。本文讨论了热辐射的破坏准则，提出预测池火灾破坏半径的方法，进行了数值模拟计算，分而和时纳了池火灾的基本规律     

电磁辐射职业危害及防护对策

科技飞速发展的今天,射频及微波技术已经广泛应用于国民经济的各个领域,这使得越来越多的从业人员在工作场所受到电磁辐射污染的影响。本文总结归纳了我国电磁辐射职业危害状况,分析了现代企业电磁辐射防护的新特点,并提出企业电磁辐射防护对策。     

普通防电磁辐射家居服的开发

电磁辐射随时随地不同程度地影响着人类的健康,为减少其对人们日常生活的影响,需开发普通的防电磁辐射家居服。本文介绍了普通防电磁辐射家居服的生产过程和工艺,以及生产和设计过程中应注意关键问题,生产的防电磁辐射家居服防辐射性能可达20dB,足以屏蔽电脑、微波炉等家用电器的辐射。     

移动通信基站电磁辐射环境保护与评价浅析

通过对移动通信基站天线的电磁辐射分析和探讨,归纳了移动通信基站建设在施工期、营运期环境保护工作的重点与措施,对电磁环境影响评价制度与方法进行了系统的描述,并指出了今后的工作方向。     

近45年中国12个一级站大气气溶胶光学厚度变化特征

利用常规观测的总辐射和散射辐射日曝辐量资料,结合NASA GISS的月平均平流层气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)产品,反演计算了北京等12个台站1961～2005年0.75μm对流层AOD和气溶胶标高数据.基于这些数据,分析了各站AOD、气溶胶标高和地面能见度的年、季、月变化特征.结果表明:①就12个站45a总平均而言,光学厚度为0.276,年增长为0.0034;气溶胶标高为1.65km,年增加为0.015km;能见度为17.1km,年变化值为-0.08km;AOD春夏较大,秋冬较小;气溶胶标高夏季最高,春季次之,冬季最低.②各站点45a平均AOD范围为0.116～0.387;除格尔木外,各站AOD均有增长.年变化值为0.0010～0.0079.③20世纪70、80年代AOD增加明显;20世纪90年代以来,多数站点AOD有所下降,能见度有转好趋势.     

Sulfur speciation and bioaccumulation in camphor tree leaves as atmospheric sulfur indicator analyzed by synchrotron radiation XRF and XANES

Analyzing and understanding the effects of ambient pollution on plants is getting more and more attention as a topic of environmental biology.A method based on synchrotron radiation X-ray fluorescence and X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was established to analyze the sulfur concentration and speciation in mature camphor tree leaves (CTLs),which were sampled from 5 local fields in Shanghai,China.Annual SO2 concentration,SO42-concentration in atmospheric particulate,SO42-and sulfur concentration in soil were also analyzed to explore the relationship between ambient sulfur sources and the sulfur nutrient cycling in CTLs.Total sulfur concentration in mature camphor tree leaves was 766-1704 mg/kg.The mainly detected sulfur states and their corresponding compounds were +6 (sulfate,include inorganic sulfate and organic sulfate),+5.2 (sulfonate),+2.2 (suloxides),+0.6 (thiols and thiothers),+0.2 (organic sulfides).Total sulfur concentration was strongly correlated with sulfate proportion with a linear correlation coefficient up to 0.977,which suggested that sulfur accumulated in CTLs as sulfate form.Reduced sulfur compounds (organic sulfides,thiols,thioethers,sulfoxide and sulfonate) assimilation was sufficed to meet the nutrient requirement for growth at a balanced level around 526 mg/kg.The sulfate accumulation mainly caused by atmospheric sulfur pollution such as SO2 and airborne sulfate particulate instead of soil contamination.From urban to suburb place,sulfate in mature CTLs decreased as the atmospheric sulfur pollution reduced,but a dramatic increase presented near the seashore,where the marine sulfate emission and maritime activity pollution were significant.The sulfur concentration and speciation in mature CTLs effectively represented the long-term biological accumulation of atmospheric sulfur pollution in local environment.     

上海市郊区大气细颗粒和超细颗粒物中元素粒径分布研究

用同步辐射X荧光光谱分析了上海市郊区大气细颗粒和超细颗粒物（0.028 7～2.40 μm）中元素粒径分布、质量中值粒径、元素相关性和不同粒径颗粒物中的富集因子.Ca、Ti主要分布于粒径>2 μm的颗粒物中,它们之间的相关系数达0.933,富集因子在0.1～3.2之间,且与粒径无明显关联,主要来自土壤扬尘等自然来源.V、Cr、Mn、Ni、Zn、Cu、Pb、Cl、S等元素主要分布在0.1～1.0 μm颗粒物中,质量中值粒径在0.56～0.94 μm之间.V、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、Pb显著富集,且富集程度随粒径减小而增大.其中Pb在超细颗粒物（<0.1 μm）中的富集因子达2 023.7～2 244.2,远大于在细颗粒和 PM_2.5中的富集程度.这些元素主要来自燃油、燃煤、冶金和机动车尾气等人为污染.Fe在>0.2 μm颗粒物中分布较均匀,质量中值粒径1.3 μm.除了局部污染源,远距离传输对该地区大气颗粒物污染有不可忽略的影响.     

汽车内饰材料的人工老化试验

讨论了光的能量和辐射强度、环境温度和湿度对汽车内饰材料老化的作用,介绍了国外广泛使用于汽车内饰材料老化的试验方法和试验设备,认为以氙灯和金属卤素灯为光源的试验设备配置适当的滤波器可进行模拟性最好的人工老化试验,建议加强汽车用材料的老化试验技术和评价方法的研究,尽快制定我国的汽车内饰材料老化试验方法的标准.     

Brain myelination in rats treated with ionizing radiation in utero

Abstract

Effects of ionizing radiation on brain myelination and some physical development parameters were studied in laboratory rats (Fisher F‐344 inbred strain). Rats were treated with three different doses of radiation (150 rad, 15 rad, and 6.8 rad) delivered on the 20th day of prenatal life. Exposure to 150 rad reduced body, brain, ovary, kidney, heart and spleen weights. Prenatal exposure to 150 rad of radiation reduced the cerebral cortex weight by 22 percent at 30 days of age, and 20 percent at 52 days of age which caused a reduction in cerebral cortex myelin content by 20 and 23 percent at the ages of 30 and 52 days respectively. This dose did not affect the myelin content of the cerebellum or the brain stem, or the myelin concentration (mg myelin/g brain tissue) of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and the brain stem. The cerebral cortex weight of the 15 rad treated rats was reduced at the age of 30 days. Exposure to 15 rad, and 6.8 rad did not affect either the myelin content or the myelin concentration of these brain areas.     

紫外辐射对小分子有机酸化学凝聚性作用途径探讨

通过烧杯实验系统考察了紫外辐射对脂肪羧酸类和酚酸类小分子有机酸的化学凝聚性的作用途径.结果表明,溶液pH对柠檬酸、草酸、酒石酸和丁二酸等脂肪羧酸类有机物的混凝性能影响较小.紫外辐射处理后,脂肪羧酸类小分子有机物的混凝去除率均高于未经紫外辐射处理的水样.进一步研究表明,紫外辐射过程中发生了光化学反应,使得脂肪羧酸的表面负电性降低,进而提高了其化学凝聚性.与脂肪类小分子有机酸不同,苯酚、水杨酸和苯甲酸的化学凝聚性较差,且受紫外辐射过程的影响小.单宁酸的混凝性能较好,pH=6时的去除率最高可达90%以上,这可能与其分子中脂肪酸碳链结构的存在以及单宁酸分子较大,易与PACl的水解产物发生吸附电中和反应有关.