Hematological and biochemical alterations in sprayers occupationally exposed to mixture of pesticides at a mango plantation in Lucknow,India

The aim of this study was to examine the hematological and cholinesterase (ChE) activity levels of pesticide sprayers employed in mango plantations at Lucknow. Fifty-two sprayers from mango plantations who regularly spray mixtures of pesticides including organochlorines (OC), organophosphates (OP), and carbamates were included as exposed group. Twenty residents living close to mango plantations, but not involved in pesticide spraying were taken as controls. Pesticide residues for OC were analyzed in blood by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. There was a significant decrease in acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activities in pesticide sprayers (n?=?52) relative to the control group (n?=?20). A significant difference in the frequency distribution of hematological variations in red blood cell, white blood cell, monocytes, neutrophils, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, and platelet count was observed. Residues of OC pesticides including α-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) and total HCH were found to be significantly higher in the blood of sprayers compared to controls. Hematological variations were quantitatively more frequent among the sprayers with 5 years of pesticide exposure compared to the controls and to subjects with less than 5 years of exposure group. Hematological abnormalities in sprayers were correlated with pesticide exposure as evidenced by lower ChE activity as well as the presence of OC pesticides in blood. The poorly controlled use of pesticides in the plantation appeared to have produced sub-clinical intoxication in the sprayers and indicated the need for training and implementation of proper, safer hygiene practices.     

综放面煤机水力引射喷雾降尘装置的设计与试验

根据滚筒采煤机割煤产尘扩散机理和水力引射降尘原理 ,优化设计了水力引射喷雾参数 ,研制综放面机载高压水力引射喷雾降尘装置 ,经历 1年多的时间 ,在姚桥矿 70 0 3综放面的工业性试验表明 ,在正常采煤条件下 ,其平均降尘效达 6 7.8%     

The weight method: a new screening method for estimating pesticide deposition from knapsack sprayers in developing countries

Investigations of occupational and environmental risk caused by the use of agrochemicals have received considerable interest over the last decades. And yet, in developing countries, the lack of staff and analytical equipment as well the costs of chemical analyses make it difficult, if not impossible, to monitor pesticide contamination and residues in humans, air, water, and soils. A new and simple method is presented here for estimation of pesticide deposition in humans and soil after application. The estimate is derived on the basis of water mass balance measured in a given number of high absorbent papers under low evaporative conditions and unsaturated atmosphere. The method is presented as a suitable, rapid, low cost screening tool, complementary to toxicological tests, to assess occupational and environmental exposure caused by knapsack sprayers, where there is a lack of analytical instruments. This new method, called the “weight method”, was tested to obtain drift deposition on the neighbouring field and the clothes of the applicator after spraying water with a knapsack sprayer in one of the largest areas of potato production in Colombia. The results were confirmed by experimental data using a tracer and the same set up used for the weight method. The weight method was able to explain 86% of the airborne drift and deposition variance.     

脱硫喷淋塔除尘的影响因素及效果分析

根据燃煤电厂烟气中粉尘成分、来源及排放特性,对影响脱硫喷淋塔除尘效率的因素进行了分析,结果表明:粒径>0.3μm时,颗粒度越大,去除率越高,粒径<0.3μm时,则相反;烟气流速及浆液喷淋密度与除尘效率呈正相关性,优化各影响因素,喷淋塔除尘效率可高达84%,其处理后粉尘质量浓度<50 mg/m3。     

石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫喷淋塔除尘机理分析

介绍了石灰石-石膏湿法烟气脱硫装置的典型工艺流程以及逆流喷淋塔内气液流动状况，分析了脱硫喷淋塔在惯性碰撞、截留和布朗扩散三方面的除尘机理，给出了计算脱硫喷淋塔除尘效率的思路。