不同终点检测5种双酚A类化合物对MCF-7的细胞毒性

双酚A(BPA)及其类似物作为聚碳酸酯的主要合成原料,一直是环境污染的重要问题.其雌激素效应是当今科学研究的重点,而毒性效应研究甚少.为评估环境中BPA类物质的毒性效应,实验采用四唑盐(MTS)比色法检测5种双酚A类化合物对人雌激素受体缺失乳腺癌细胞MCF-7(ER-)增殖活性的影响,2,4-二硝基苯肼法检测细胞乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)露出率,单细胞凝胶电泳(SCGE)检测DNA损伤.用非线性最小二乘法对MTS实验结果拟合剂量-效应曲线,表明所有的剂量-效应曲线(DRC)均能用Weibull或者Logit函数有效表征.以模型估算的半数效应浓度负对数值(pEC50)评估5种化合物的毒性大小依次为:BPB>BPC>TDP>BPE>BPA.LDH检测以及SCGE检测受试化合物对MCF-7(ER-)的损伤作用表明,在效应浓度EC20下,细胞核DNA轻微损伤,细胞增殖受轻微抑制;在效应浓度EC40下,细胞核DNA损伤严重,细胞增殖受到显著抑制,从而导致细胞膜通透性显著改变,使LDH大量露出.     

Phenol degradation in waters with high iodide level by layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate: Pathways and products

Recently, layered double hydroxide-peroxodisulfate (LDH-PDS) as an advanced oxidation system can effectively remove organics by the pathway of free radical. However, little has been known if there is a potential risk regarding the formation of high toxic iodine byproducts through another pathway when LDH-PDS is used in high iodide waters at coastal areas. Therefore, this study investigated phenol degradation pathways and transformation products to evaluate both removal mechanism and potential risk by LDH-PDS in high iodide waters. The results showed that in LDH-PDS system, with the degradation of PDS, phenol degraded till below detection limit in 1 hr in the presence of iodide, while PDS and phenol were hardly degraded in the absence of iodide, indicating iodide accelerated the transformation of PDS and the degradation of phenol. What is more, it reached the highest phenol removal efficiency under the condition of 100 mg/L LDH, 0.1 mmol/L PDS and 1.0 mmol/L iodide. In LDH-PDS system, iodide was rapidly oxidized by the highly active interlayer PDS, resulting in the formation of reactive iodine including hypoiodic acid, iodine and triiodide instead of free radicals, which contributed rapid degradation of phenol. However, unfortunately toxic iodophenols were detected. Specifically, 2-iodophenol and 4-iodophenol were formed firstly, afterwards 2,4-diiodophenol and 2,6-diiodophenol were produced, and finally iodophenols and diiodophenols gradually decreased and 2,4,6-Triiodophenol were produced. These results indicated that LDH-PDS should avoid to use in high iodide waters to prevent toxic iodine byproduct formation although iodide can accelerate phenol degradation.     

Three-dimensional biogenic C-doped Bi2MoO6/In2O3-ZnO Z-scheme heterojunctions derived from a layered precursor

Novel 3D biogenic C-doped Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO Z-scheme heterojunctions were synthesized for the first time, using cotton fiber as template. The as-prepared samples showed excellent adsorption and photodegradation performance toward the hazardous antibiotic doxycycline under simulated sunlight irradiation. The morphology, phase composition and in situ carbon doping could be precisely controlled by adjusting processing parameters. The carbon doping in Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO was derived from the cotton template, and the carbon content could be varied in the range 0.9–4.4 wt.% via controlling the heat treatment temperature. The sample with Bi_2 MoO_6/In_2O_3-ZnO molar ratio of 1:2 and carbon content of1.1 wt.% exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity toward doxycycline degradation,which was 3.6 and 4.3 times higher than those of pure Bi_2 MoO_6 and Zn In Al-CLDH(calcined layered double hydroxides), respectively. It is believed that the Z-scheme heterojunction with C-doping, the 3D hierarchically micro–meso–macro porous structure, as well as the high adsorption capacity, contributed significantly to the enhanced photocatalytic activity.     

Mg/Al LDH对UO22+的高效吸附研究

由于放射性污染物的不合理处置及核泄漏事件的发生,对生态环境和人类健康造成了严重危害.本研究采用共沉淀法制备了不同Mg/Al比(物质的量比)的Mg/Al LDH(层状双氢氧化物),研究其对UO_2~(2+)的吸附行为.同时,考察了吸附剂投加量、p H、吸附时间、初始浓度对吸附的影响,并采用XRD、FTIR、SEM、XPS等技术对吸附前后LDH材料进行表征与分析.结果表明:Mg/Al比为2∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附效果要比Mg/Al比为4∶1的Mg/Al LDH好,Mg/Al比为2∶1和4∶1的Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)吸附容量分别为301.28和263.85 mg·g-1,对UO_2~(2+)具有优良的吸附性能,可以作为高浓度放射性污染废水的吸附材料和核泄漏事件的应急吸附材料.Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附更符合Langmuir等温吸附模型和Pseudo-second-order动力学模型.吸附后Mg/Al LDH的Mg/Al比降低,Mg/Al LDH对UO_2~(2+)的吸附机理是UO_2~(2+)与材料中氢氧根、碳酸根相互作用,形成三元的络合物而被去除.     

A study of biochemical parameters among individuals residing in a fluoride endemic area in India

Fluoride (Fl) exerts an inhibitory effect on many metabolic enzymes of various tissues. A study was carried out among individuals residing in a Fl-affected area in India. The biochemical parameters including serum enzyme activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serum creatinine (CRTN) were estimated in 259 subjects compared to 233 controls. The results showed that among the Fl-exposed population, ALKP and SGPT were significantly increased compared to control. The CRTN levels were also significantly increased compared to the control subjects. LDH levels were not markedly altered. Data suggest that Fl exposure affects renal and hepatic functions in endemic areas of India.     

Toxicological studies of zinc oxide nanomaterials in rats

In this study, we have evaluated the ability of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles to induce pulmonary and extrapulmonary toxicities was examined in rats following intratracheal (IT) instillation. Lungs of rats were instilled IT with either phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)?+?1% Tween 80, ZnO nanoparticles, carbonyl iron or quartz particles at a dose of 1 or 5?mg?kg^?1 body weight. Following exposure, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, blood samples and organs including lung, liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, and brain were collected at 24?h, 1 week, or 1 month of post instillation of nanoparticles and different parameters estimated to assess toxicity. BAL fluid was analyzed for lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) to assess pulmonary toxicity. Exposures to ZnO or quartz particles produced transient dose-dependant increase in BAL fluid LDH and ALP activities at all post exposure periods. Blood samples were analyzed for the tissue damage biomarkers to assess extrapulmonary toxicity. Histopathological examination of lung, liver and kidneys revealed dose-dependent degeneration and necrosis which worsened at 1 week post-instillation periods but recovered at 1 month post instillation. Histopathological examination of rat pancreas, heart, and brain exposed to quartz or ZnO particles showed no marked changes. Data suggest the instillation of ZnO nanoparticles produced a greater pulmonary toxicity in rats comparable with quartz; and extrapulmonary toxicities of these ZnO nanoparticles might be due to translocation into liver and kidney.     

钐染毒对小鼠脏器系数和睾丸酶活性的影响

为了研究稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠脏器系数和睾丸内酶活性的影响,将小鼠分组分别自由饮用含硝酸钐0,4,20,100,500mg/L的水,3个月后处死小鼠,称量体重和主要脏器重量,并测定睾丸内乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)和三磷酸腺苷酶(ATP酶)活力.结果表明,20,100mg/L剂量组小鼠附睾脏器系数明显低于对照组;100,500mg/L剂量组LDH酶活力明显受到抑制,且染毒剂量与LDH酶活力呈剂量-反应关系;各处理组ALP酶活力明显升高,而ACP酶活力不受影响;3种ATP酶活力都随钐浓度的增加有“低促高抑”的趋势.钐亚慢性染毒对小鼠生殖性腺具有一定的毒性作用,其中LDH和ALP可作为稀土元素钐作用于睾丸的标志酶.     

高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂活化过一硫酸盐降解偶氮染料RBK5

采用改进的共沉淀结合水热法制备高晶度锰铁层状双金属氢氧化物作为催化剂,用于高效活化过一硫酸盐(PMS)降解活性黑5(RBK5).通过X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线能谱分析(EDS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)以及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)对材料进行表征,证明成功合成了结晶度高、层状结构突出的Mn-Fe LDH.同时探究了锰铁量比,催化剂投加量,PMS浓度和初始pH值等因素对RBK5的吸附效果、催化降解及反应动力学的影响.结果表明,高晶度Mn-Fe LDH催化剂具有良好的吸附能力和高效的催化效率,在n(Mn)/n(Fe)比为1∶1,催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L~(-1),PMS浓度为1 mmol·L~(-1),初始pH为7时,RBK5(20 mg·L~(-1))在90 min内降解率可达86%,整个反应过程符合拟一级动力学(R~20.9).自由基猝灭实验表明,Mn-Fe LDH/PMS体系降解RBK5为SO~-_4·和·OH两种活性自由基共同作用的结果.反应前后催化剂的XPS分析表明Mn和Fe存在协同作用,Mn-Fe LDH的Mn(Ⅱ)和Fe(Ⅲ)与层间的CO~(2-)_3电荷平衡,使其层状结构稳定,从而促进了层状表面Mn和Fe的协同作用,提高了Mn-Fe LDH对PMS的活化效率.三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)和UV-Vis扫描光谱分析初步探讨了RBK5的降解过程.     

Recycling and utilization of metabolic wastes for energy production is an index of biochemical adaptation of fish under environmental pollution stress

The activity levels of lactate dehydrogenase andlactic acid were assessed in various tissues of the fishduring exposure to lethal concentration of group-IIPyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate andfluvalinate) for a period of 72 hours. The results showedsteady increased levels in all the tissues (blood,muscle, brain and liver) with response patterncharacteristic of their own. The increased LDH activityand lactic acid levels indicate the shifting of aerobicglycolysis to anaerobiosis and its further utilizationfor energy production during adaptation to toxic stress.     

Sodium cyanide-induced modulations in the activities of some oxidative enzymes and metabolites in the fingerlings of Cyprinus carpio (Linnaeus)

Carp fingerlings exposed to a sublethal concentration (0.5?mg?L^?1) of sodium cyanide showed a steady decrement over a 7-day period in respiratory rate, rise in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and fall in succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activities followed by variations in lactic and pyruvate levels. Changes in these enzyme activities might be due to impaired oxidative metabolism and severe cellular damage leading to the release of these enzymes. Decline in the activities of SDH and LDH clearly represents a shift from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism as evidenced by elevated lactate and decline in pyruvate levels. The shift to anaerobic metabolism is also reflected by severe drop in the respiratory rate of the fish. This may be a consequence of the blockage of electron transfer from cytochrome c oxidase to molecular oxygen, thus ceasing cellular respiration and it can lead to cellular hypoxia even in the presence of normal hemoglobin oxygenation. Hence, we indirectly reconfirm the inhibition of oxidative metabolism by sodium cyanide. Alterations in behavioral pattern induced by sublethal sodium cyanide exposure may be due to the combination of cytotoxic hypoxia with lactate acidosis, which depresses the central nervous system (CNS); as the brain is the most sensitive site to anoxia, it results in impaired CNS function.