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Chlorpyrifos is one of the organophosphate pesticides widely used in agricultural practices throughout world. It has resulted in a series of toxicological and environmental problems, such as impacts on many non-target aquatic species, including fish. In the present study, toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on lysozyme activities, contents of IgM and complement C3, and the expressions of IgM and complement C3 at mRNA level in common carp were evaluated by acute exposure of 15 (1/10 LC50) or 75 μg L−1 (1/2 LC50) of chlorpyrifos for 7 d. The results of acute toxicity tests showed that the 96 h-LC50 of chlorpyrifos for common carp was determined to be 149 μg L−1. We also found that chlorpyrifos promoted lysozyme activities at the earlier stages of exposure but inhibited it at the late stages in the serum, hepatopancreas, and spleen of common carp. Furthermore, it was observed that chlorpyrifos-exposure decreased IgM contents in fish serum and spleen while increased it in kidney. No obvious change was found in the contents of complement C3 in fish spleen, while a slight increase of complement C3 was observed in fish serum and kidney after 1 d of chlorpyrifos-exposure. In addition, the results of quantitative real-time PCR showed that IgM and complement C3 expressions were up-regulated at the earlier stage of exposure but down-regulated at later stage. Our results indicate that chlorpyrifos causes immunotoxicity to common carp. 相似文献
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《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(7):128-138
Bacterial infections have become a great threat to public health in recent years. A primary lysozyme is a natural antimicrobial protein; however, its widespread application is limited by its instability. Here, we present a poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) hydrogel inverse opal particle (PHIOP) as a microcarrier of lysozyme to prolong and enhance the efficiency against bacteria. This PHIOP-based lysozyme (PHIOP-Lys) formulation is temperature-responsive and exhibits long-term sustained release of lysozyme for up to 16 days. It shows a potent antibacterial effect toward both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, which is even higher than that of free lysozyme in solution at the same concentration. PHIOPs-Lys were demonstrated to effectively inhibit bacterial infections and enhance wound healing in a full-thickness skin wound rat model. This study provides a novel pathway for prolonging the enzymatic activity and antibacterial effects of lysozyme. 相似文献
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