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1.
The distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air and surface waters were monitored in Nairobi City using triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). The SPMDs were extracted by dialysis using n-hexane, followed by cleanup by adsorption chromatography on silica gel cartridges. Sample analysis was done by GC-ECD and confirmed by GC–MS. Separation of means was achieved by analysis of variance, followed by pair-wise comparison using the t-test (p≤ 0.05). The total OCPs ranged between 0.018 – 1.277 ng/m3 in the air and <LOD – 1391.000 ng/m3 in surface waters. Based on the results, the means of Industrial Area, Dandora and Kibera were not significantly different (p≤ 0.05), but were higher (p≤ 0.05) than those of City square and Ngong’ Forest. The results revealed non-significant (p≤ 0.05) contribution of long-range transport to OCP pollution in Nairobi City. This indicated possible presence of point sources of environmental OCPs in the city. The water-air fugacity ratios indicated that volatilization and deposition played an important role in the spatial distribution of OCPs in Nairobi City. This indicated that contaminated surface waters could be major sources of human exposure to OCPs, through volatilization. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) determined from inhalation of atmospheric OCPs were 2.3745 × 10?13 – 1.6845 × 10?11 (adult) and 5.5404 × 10?13 – 3.9306 × 10?11 (child) in the order: Dandora > Kibera > Industrial Area > City Square > Ngong’ Forest. However, these were lower than the USEPA acceptable risks, 10?6 – 10?4. This study concluded that atmospheric OCPs did not pose significant cancer risks to the residents. 相似文献
2.
Kelsey RH Scott GI Porter DE Thompson B Webster L 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):337-348
Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) analysis and regression modeling techniques were used to identify surface water areas impacted by fecal pollution from human sources, and to determine the effects of land use on fecal pollution in Murrells Inlet, a small, urbanized, high-salinity estuary located between Myrtle Beach and Georgetown, South Carolina. MAR analysis was performed to identify areas in the estuary that are impacted by human-source fecal pollution. Additionally, regression analysis was performed to determine if an association exists between land use and fecal coliform densities over the ten-year period from 1989 to 1998. Land-use variables were derived using Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and were used in the regression analysis.MAR analyses were conducted by comparing the frequency and patterns of antibiotic resistance found in Escherichia coli isolates derived from surface water samples and from sewage sources in the Murrells Inlet sewage collection system. The MAR results suggest that the majority of the fecal pollution detected in the Murrells Inlet estuary may be from non-human sources, including fecal coliforms isolated from areas in close proximity to high densities of active septic tanks.A MAR Index, which measures the frequency of antibiotic resistance, was calculated for each of twenty-three water samples and nine sewage samples. The antibiotic resistance pattern comparisons were performed using cluster analysis. Although the MAR indices indicated that several surface water sites had potential human-source contamination, the cluster analysis suggests that only one sampling site had MAR patterns that were similar to those found in the sewage samples. This site was in close proximity to several large pleasure boats as well as a sewage collection system lift station, but was not near areas with active septic tanks. The results of the regression analysis also suggest that sewage sources and rainfall runoff from urbanized areas may contribute to fecal pollution in the estuary. 相似文献
3.
生产玉米淀粉过程中排放大量高浓度有机废水、将其进行综合利用,可以提取蛋白粉、玉米浆等多种物质,这里以年产1万t玉米淀粉为例,具体分析了玉米淀粉生产废水综合利用的经济效益与环境效益.表明:玉米淀粉生产废水综合利用前景广阔,是解决该部分废水污染,实现经济效益与环境效益相统一的重要途径. 相似文献
4.
Harold N. Bass Joan B. Oliver Murali Srinivasan Ruth Petrucha Won Ng Jo Ellen S. Lee 《黑龙江环境通报》1986,6(1):33-35
Intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) in one of twins at 12 weeks of gestation was accompanied by markedly elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) at 17 and 18 weeks. Amniotic fluid AFP from the healthy surviving twin's sac at 18·5 and 23 weeks was also greatly increased along with a positive acetylcholinesterase (AChE) band. Persistently elevated AFP and positive AChE so long after fetal demise–-6·5 and 11 weeks post IUFD–-has not, to our knowledge, been previously described. In similar cases, high level ultrasound and careful placental examination at birth should be utilized to search for fetal abnormalities or multiple pregnancy with IUFD. 相似文献
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6.
A model of multiple domino scenarios and the risk of the domino effect, which is a sequential chain escalating from the primary unit to the last unit, is presented in this paper. The trajectories of fragments from all units, the ground distribution of projectiles, and the risk of the sequential chain of the domino effect were calculated using Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the range affected by the fragments from each tank included the other tanks, meaning that fragments from one tank could hit the other tanks and cause multiple accidents, and that the sequential chain of the domino effect could indeed happen. The distributions of ground impacts showed that tank fragments were projected over long distances, up to 1200 m from the source. The spatial distribution of the kinetic energy at ground impact for tank fragments was also obtained. Moreover, the magnitudes of the probabilities of the primary, secondary, third, and fourth accidents in the domino chain were respectively about 10−7, 10−11, 10−15, and 10−19. These results showed that for neighboring domino effect units in the same accident chain, the risk of the most recent domino effect was 104 times that of the following domino effect. 相似文献
7.
8.
选矿废水污染的土壤铜量与生物累积的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过对花石头河沿岸研究区植物的根部、茎叶进行采样分析,探讨了土壤铜含量和铜在植物体内的累积状况。结果表明,光叶蕨、三叶鬼针草、野牡丹、紫茎泽兰4种植物体内铜含量随着土壤铜含量的增加而增加,光叶蕨增量最大。植物根部铜生物累积系数(BF)与茎叶铜生物累积系数(BF)之间相关性不显著,但根部BF为1.311,茎叶BF为0.159,前者是后者的8.2倍。光叶蕨铜的累积能力最强,其次是紫茎泽兰,植物间铜生物累积系数没有显著性差异。各采样区土壤铜含量差异大,它们之间的差异达到显著性水平。无论是全株植物、根部,还是茎叶,BF值:公路边>山坡上>河边。青蒿铜的迁移系数(TF)最大,与其余植物的迁移系数存在显著性差异,而这4种植物之间铜的迁移系数没有显著性差异,不同采样区TF均值以公路边TF值最高,其次是河边,最后才是山坡上。 相似文献
9.
本文通过对"十一五"期间通辽市环境质量监测数据的统计分析,从污染源和环境质量的关系得出存在的问题,从自然环境要素与生态环境两个角度总结"十一五"期间存在的问题。通过对环境质量的问题分析,寻找产生这些问题的原因,从而为改善环境质量提供解决的途径。 相似文献
10.
为检验臭氧预氧化在北方地区的效果,结合东北地区某微污染水源做出了分析和探索,发现臭氧氧化对净水处理效果良好。并全面阐述了微污染水源采用臭氧预氧化技术后带来的效果,可用于脱色除臭、控制氯化消毒副产物、去除藻类和藻毒素、助凝和助滤、初步去除或转化污染物,为相关的工程设计奠定了基础。 相似文献