人工湿地中除磷填料的筛选及其除磷能力

针对猪场废水水质特点,对4种填料的理化特性进行了分析,并考察了4种填料的除磷能力.结果表明,废砖块和沸石的表面微结构更有利于生物膜的生长,而海蛎壳与废砖块则具有较高的除磷潜能;4种填料对磷素的理论饱和吸附量依次为海砺壳>废砖块>火山岩>沸石,海蛎壳对磷素的吸附主要为化学吸附,而废砖块、火山岩和沸石对磷素的吸附主要为物理吸附,其中废砖块对磷素的吸附过程中存在化学吸附作用;在动态吸附试验中,海蛎壳对磷素的去除效果最好,其次为废砖块、火山岩和沸石,4种填料去除磷素的主要途径由其化学成分和化学形态决定.由试验结果可知,海蛎壳是人工湿地处理猪场废水时较为理想的除磷填料.     

Oral administration of potassium bromate, a major water disinfection by-product, induces oxidative stress and impairs the antioxidant power of rat blood

Potassium bromate (KBrO₃) is a widely used food additive, a water disinfection by-product and a known nephrotoxic agent. The effect of KBrO₃ on rat blood, especially on the anti-oxidant defense system, was studied in this work. Animals were given a single oral dose of KBrO₃ (100 mg/kg body weight) and sacrificed 12, 24, 48, 96 and 168 h after this treatment. Blood was collected from the animals and separated into plasma and erythrocytes. KBrO₃ administration resulted in increased lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation, hydrogen peroxide levels and decreased the reduced glutathione content indicating the induction of oxidative stress in blood. Methemoglobin levels and methemoglobin reductase activity were significantly increased while the total anti-oxidant power was greatly reduced upon KBrO₃ treatment. Nitric oxide levels were enhanced while vitamin C concentration decreased in KBrO₃ treated animals. The activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes were also altered upon KBrO₃ treatment. The maximum changes in all these parameters were 48 h after the administration of KBrO₃ and then recovery took place. These results show for the first time that KBrO₃ induces oxidative stress in blood and impairs the anti-oxidant defense system. Thus impairment in the anti-oxidant power and alterations in the activities of major anti-oxidant enzymes may play an important role in mediating the toxic effects of KBrO₃ in the rat blood. The study of such biochemical events in blood will help elucidate the molecular mechanism of action of KBrO₃ and also for devising methods to overcome its toxic effects.