富营养化水体的水芹菜浮床栽培试验

通过水面浮床栽培试验,研究了水培水芹菜(Oenanthe javanica)植株的生长特征、生物量的解析结构,以及水芹菜在富营养化水体中对氮、磷的吸收,水芹植株的平均鲜量为85.22 g,其中水上部分占82%,水下部分占18%,生物量分布主要集中在水上部分.其对N 、P的直接吸收分别可以达到43.63～67.46 kg/(hm2·a)和9.828～10.29 kg/(hm2·a).结果表明,水芹是一种适合在低温的情况下进行水培的植物,并对富营养化水体有良好的净化效果.     

籼爪交后代的花药培养效率

对爪畦稻J15、J21、J20以及J211与不同的籼型杂交稻三系亲本杂交后代不同世代进行了花药培养.结果表明:当同一爪哇稻与三系亲本杂交时,其F1花药培养力高低顺序为:爪哇稻/保持系>爪哇稻/恢复系>爪哇稻/不育系的杂种后代.这种差异可能存在细胞质效应.4个爪哇稻品种中,以J15所配组合的出愈率和培养力为最高,绿苗分化率以J20所配组合最高.低代材料花药在适合籼粳交的SK3培养基上反应较好,高代材料的花药在适合籼稻的M8培养基上反应较好.改良M8和改良SK3培养基的花培效果分别优于M8和SK3培养基.F5、F6代材料的花药在改良M8培养基上出愈率可超过50％.琼脂糖代替琼脂可显著提高出愈率和培养力.高温预培养(30-32℃)24 h其花药培养效率达到最高值.图2表3参15     

低温下强化水芹浮床对农村污水的深度处理研究

在低温条件下,利用强化水芹浮床对生物净化槽处理后的崇明岛农村生活污水进行深度处理.研究结果表明,水芹在浮床内保持着较好的生长状态,是一种优越的低温条件下浮床植物;强化水芹浮床由纤维填料和水芹交替分布组合而成,提高了浮床内的微生物浓度,强化了浮床对污染物质的降解作用,从而使其对有机质、氮、磷及悬浮物保持着较好的净化效果,平均出水浓度COD≤40 mg/L,NH4+-N≤10 mg/L,TN≤15 mg/L,TP≤1.0 mg/L.     

冬季低温条件下浮床植物对富营养化水体的净化效果

在冬季低温条件下,采用浮床无土栽培技术,研究了水芹菜、多花黑麦草以及大蒜3种耐寒植物对富营养化水体的净化效果。试验结果表明,3种植物在水温4.0～10．1℃的条件下均生长良好,对水体中TN、NH4^＋-N、TP、CODMn污染物的去除率分别为59.3％～29.2％、65、2％～39.3％、55.6％～33.9％,55．7％～49．5％．对藻类的抑制率为88．4%～92．3％。通过比较,水芹菜净化能力最强,多花黑麦草次之,大蒜最弱。本项研究丰富了冬季低温条件下治理富营养化水体的方法．也为冬季浮床植物的选择提供了依据。     

温度对植物浮床净化富营养化水体能力的影响

利用生态浮床系统研究了温度对豆瓣菜和水芹净化富营养化水体能力的影响.结果表明,不同温度(10、22和35℃)处理明显影响植物浮床系统对NH4+-N、TN、TP、Chla、CODMn、BOD5的去除效率;植物浮床系统在22℃时对TN、NH4+-N,Chla的去除率分别达79%、82%、76%以上,在35℃时对TP、COD...     

不同处理水芹浮床对城市河道黑臭污水的脱氮效果及其机理研究

通过对冬季不同留茬高度水芹（Oenanthe Javanica）浮床对城市河道污水氮循环细菌数量和脱氮效果的影响研究,试图阐明浮床植物去除污染水体氮素的可能途径.研究结果表明：不同处理水芹浮床对城市河道黑臭污水硝氮和氨氮的去除效果分别达到了52.5%～69.8%和68.1%～76.7%,19cm留茬高度水芹浮床对脱氮效...     

Nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system

The ecological floating bed system is a natural alternative to technical methods of wastewater treatment and involves complex processes induced by plants or microorganisms in the wastewater. This study aimed to identify nutrient concentration variations during Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC growth and decay in the ecological floating bed system. Results showed that the third-order polynomial equation was suitable to describe pollutant concentration changes, showing that the effect of O. javanica ecological floating bed system on polluted water could be divided into the purification phase and decay phase. During the purification phase, nutrient concentrations rapidly decreased because O. javanica influenced water microbial communities and water physical parameters (i.e., dissolved oxygen, pH, and temperature), and had a direct uptake of nutrients. However, during the decay phase, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations in the plant tissues decreased, and these lost nutrients ultimately transferred to water and led to water quality deterioration. Results also showed that the uptake and storage of O. javanica in nutrients were temporary and the plant served only as media of the nutrients removed from the water. Under these circumstances, harvesting was an appropriate intervention to improve the treatment efficiency of O. javanica ecological floating bed system.     

低温下水芹浮床对氨氮类富营养水体的连续小试净化

利用连续小试装置研究了6.9～8.8℃水温下水芹浮床自由表面流人工湿地对NH4 -N类富营养水体的处理效果和相关运行参数.试验结果表明,在HRT从6 d到2 d的过程中,COD平均去除率分别为(61.9±3.5)%和(40.1±0.7)%,TN平均去除率分别为(32.0±4.9)%和(20.1±4.1)%,TP平均去除率分别为(37.8±7.2)%和(19.9±3.1)%.出水中COD、TN与TP浓度随着进水负荷的增加而增加.     

Differential timing of spring migration in northern wheatears Oenanthe oenanthe: hurried males or weak females?

In a field experiment on the island of Helgoland (southeast North Sea), we investigated whether migration strategy or competition between the sexes cause the differential timing of spring migration of male and female northern wheatears (Oenanthe oenanthe) (males migrating earlier). The study included two subspecies, heading towards Greenland/Iceland and Scandinavia, respectively, and is based on colour-ringing and remote weighing of individuals. Despite food offered ad libitum, most Scandinavian birds left the island on the day of arrival or stayed only 1–3 days, whereas more than half of Greenlandic/Icelandic birds stayed for up to 12 days and refuelled rapidly. In the latter subspecies, males showed a positive correlation of departure fuel load and fuel deposition rate, resembling time-minimizers in optimal migration theory. In contrast, females departed irrespective of fuel deposition rate, with an approximately constant level of fuel stores. This level was lower than in males, but sufficient to enable by-passing of stopover sites en route, allowing us to regard females as time-minimizers also. Since females are not able to reach Greenland without additional refuelling elsewhere and males appeared to have a larger potential for by-passing stopover sites, time-selection seems to be more pronounced in males and may be the reason for earlier migration of males. Intraspecific aggressive interactions between colour-ringed birds were predominantly won by the initiator, by males and by larger birds, whereas fuel load and subspecies did not affect the outcome. Although compared to females, males were more often dominant at the feeding stations or held territories, refuelling patterns could not be explained by dominance. Subordinate or non-territorial birds did not refuel at a lower rate or depart with lower fuel loads than dominant or territorial birds. In non-territorial birds, the restricted access to feeding stations was made up with larger doses of food taken per visit, leading to the same energy intake as that of dominant and territorial birds. Therefore, competition during stopover could be eliminated as the reason for differential timing of migration of male and female wheatears, but this result may be species-specific.Communicated by W. Wiltschko