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1.
T. Stoichev L. Makedonski T. Trifonova M. Stancheva F. Ribarova 《Chemistry and Ecology》2007,23(3):191-200
In spite of a worldwide reduction in the utilization of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), they are still a problem for the aquatic environment and human health. The Black Sea is still being polluted with persistent chemicals, including OCPs. Aquatic organisms (sprat, scad, bluefish, shad, belted bonito, goby, and black mussel) with different feeding behaviours were sampled on a seasonal basis from the Bulgarian region of the Black Sea, and the concentrations of 13 OCP residues were determined. Although many of the OCPs were not detected in the samples, in all samples 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDT) was present mainly in the form of its metabolites 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethane (DDD) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis(4-chlorophenyl) ethylene (DDE). Only about 12% of the total DDT was present as the parent compound pp-DDT, which suggests that it was not being used recently in the region. The total DDT concentrations were generally below 150 μg kg-1 fresh weight, but higher levels—up to 354 μg kg-1 fresh weight—were also measured for fish species with a high fat content. Between-species differences were observed, even when the concentrations were presented on a fat-level basis. DDT concentrations did not show any significant changes over the 2-yr sampling period. Fish sampled in the northern areas of the Bulgarian Black Sea coast seemed to contain higher DDT levels than those from the southern areas, suggesting a major (historical) influence of the Danube River. For permanent monitoring purposes, the utility of Black Sea gobies and scad should be considered. 相似文献
2.
The distribution and sources of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in air and surface waters were monitored in Nairobi City using triolein-filled semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs). The SPMDs were extracted by dialysis using n-hexane, followed by cleanup by adsorption chromatography on silica gel cartridges. Sample analysis was done by GC-ECD and confirmed by GC–MS. Separation of means was achieved by analysis of variance, followed by pair-wise comparison using the t-test (p≤ 0.05). The total OCPs ranged between 0.018 – 1.277 ng/m3 in the air and <LOD – 1391.000 ng/m3 in surface waters. Based on the results, the means of Industrial Area, Dandora and Kibera were not significantly different (p≤ 0.05), but were higher (p≤ 0.05) than those of City square and Ngong’ Forest. The results revealed non-significant (p≤ 0.05) contribution of long-range transport to OCP pollution in Nairobi City. This indicated possible presence of point sources of environmental OCPs in the city. The water-air fugacity ratios indicated that volatilization and deposition played an important role in the spatial distribution of OCPs in Nairobi City. This indicated that contaminated surface waters could be major sources of human exposure to OCPs, through volatilization. The incremental lifetime cancer risks (ILCR) determined from inhalation of atmospheric OCPs were 2.3745 × 10?13 – 1.6845 × 10?11 (adult) and 5.5404 × 10?13 – 3.9306 × 10?11 (child) in the order: Dandora > Kibera > Industrial Area > City Square > Ngong’ Forest. However, these were lower than the USEPA acceptable risks, 10?6 – 10?4. This study concluded that atmospheric OCPs did not pose significant cancer risks to the residents. 相似文献
3.
通过田间试验,对装配GP-81扁扇型喷头的运5飞机在水稻和棉花上喷洒农药中的药液损失进行了分析,同时讨论了2,4-D丁酯对敏感作物的影响。结果表明,一元三次方程Y=b0+b1x2+b2x^2+b3x^3能很好地描述药液飘移与下风距离的关系,方程中的参数具有明确的实验意义;2,4-D丁酰对700m下风距离内的向日葵类高敏感植物有明显药害,对350m范围内的大豆等中等敏感植物也有药害;药液由于飘移和蒸 相似文献
4.
HydrolyticdynamicsofpesticideN'-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-N-methylformamidineinaquaticsolution¥MoHanhong;YangKewu;AnFengchun;LiuYe... 相似文献
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6.
11种有机磷农药对海洋微藻致毒效应的研究 总被引:17,自引:0,他引:17
通过研究不同盐度条件下11种有机磷农药对扁藻的相对增长率和叶绿素a含量的影响,得到了S=30和S=20时的半数有效浓度,并比较其大小。盐度作为环境因子,影响到有机磷农药的毒性。研究发现,遥有机磷农药在低浓度时出现一定限度的促生长作用;容易进攻细胞膜的有机磷农药对扁藻的致毒性相对较强;此外,有机磷农药的毒性大小与其结构密切相关含有苯环结构的有机磷农药毒性大小不含有苯 有机磷农药的毒性。 相似文献
7.
饮用水中五种有机磷农药的快速检测法 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文介绍了使用Waters OASIS-HLB固相萃取小柱从水中分离富集敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷,对硫磷五种有机磷农药的快速检测法。 相似文献
8.
杀虫剂使用量大,使用范围广,对生态环境影响深刻,其种类繁多,特性各异,毒理性质,物化性质及残留降解性能均与健康风险和生态风险密切相关。用一般的风险方法评价难以涵盖其危害的方方面面。因此,杀虫剂环境风险评价是一项重要而紧迫的课题,本文从理论,方法及实际工作等方面介绍了国内外杀虫剂环境风险评价的进展情况,分析了其特点和存在的问题,提出了构建杀虫剂环境风险评价整体框架的设想。以便通过环境风险评价追踪和预测杀虫剂对人群健康和生态系统结构与功能的潜在影响,从根本上预防和控制杀虫剂对人体健康和生态环境造成的危害。 相似文献
9.
随着我国农药产量的逐年提高,农药废水的处理形势也日益严峻,因此农药废水处理的新工艺、新方法成为科研工作者研究的热点。根据文献资料,概述了农药废水的种类、特点及其处理方法,主要包括物理法,化学法和生物化学法,以及近些年发展的磁分离法和超声波技术处理法,并叙述了目前我国有机磷、有机氯、有机硫等农药废水的处理现状及研究成果。同时指出了新技术、新工艺的研究及实行清洁生产制度将成为我国农药废水处理技术的发展趋势。 相似文献
10.