聚磷菌在不同碳源下的反硝化研究

利用SBR系统对聚磷菌进行了培养,并通过荧光原位杂交手段检测了系统中聚磷菌Candidatus Accumulibacter phosphatis的富集程度.聚磷菌也是一种普通异养菌,为了研究它的反硝化能力,排除了聚磷菌的正常释磷和吸磷过程,仅考察在不同碳源下反硝化性能.结果表明,乙酸和PHB都能成为聚磷菌反硝化的电子供体.当以乙酸为外在单一碳源时,其反硝化速率和PHB生成速率与起始硝酸盐浓度无关,但是当起始状态硝酸盐浓度越高时,消耗单位乙酸生成的PHB和硝酸盐还原量越小.以PHB为内在碳源和能源时,聚磷菌的反硝化速率呈现对于基质(硝酸盐)的零级动力学反应,比反硝化速率为0.973 3mg/(g.h),此外PHB平均比消耗速率为(以PHB计)2.462 6 mg/(g.h).     

发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学模拟

发酵液是一种优质的碳源,能够提高生物除磷系统(EBPR)的除磷效果.采用基于碳源代谢的修正ASM2模型,能够较好地模拟发酵液作为EBPR碳源的动力学变化规律.发酵液作为EBPR唯一碳源时,系统中的异养菌不仅不对聚磷菌(PAO)的生长构成竞争关系,反而促进PAO的生长.发酵液作为实际污水的补充碳源时,优化了污水中的碳源组成,创造了有利于聚磷菌生长的环境,使EBPR中聚磷菌达到微生物总量的40%以上,比实际污水作为碳源的EBPR中的PAO含量提高了3.3倍.     

Simultaneous denitrifying phosphorus accumulation in a sequencing batch reactor

In order to achieve simultaneous nitrogen and phosphorus removal in the biological treatment process, denitrifying phosphorus accumulation (DNPA) and its affecting factors were studied in a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with synthetic wastewater. The results showed that when acetate was used as the sole carbon resource in the influent, the sludge acclimatized under anaerobic/aerobic operation had good phosphorus removal ability. Denitrifying phosphorus accumulation was observed soon when fed with nitrate instead of aeration following the anaerobic stage, which is a vital premise to DNPA. If DNPA sludge is fed with nitrate prior to the anaerobic stage, the DNPA would weaken or even disappear. At the high concentration of nitrate fed in the anoxic stage, the longer anoxic time needed, the better the DNPA was. Induced DNPA did not disappear even though an aerobic stage followed the anoxic stage, but the shorter the aerobic stage lasted, the higher the proportions of phosphorus removal via DNPA to total removal. Translated from Environmental Science, 2004, 25(6): 92–96 [译自: 环境科学]     

高效低温聚磷菌的筛选及特性研究

通过人工模拟自然降温的方式,从A2/O反应器驯化污泥中筛选到低温条件下聚磷效果较好的三株功能菌株P1、P2、P3,经试验得到一种分离聚磷菌效果较好的方法 -稀释混合平板法;分析研究三株菌的聚磷效果、生化特性,测定三株菌的多维生长曲线,研究了温度、pH、微量元素对这三株菌的生长量及除磷率的影响,结果表明,三株菌的生长最适温度均为15℃,适宜的生长和除磷pH为中性偏碱。最后用分子生物学的方法对三株菌进行鉴定,三株菌均属于不动杆菌属的约氏不动杆菌(A cinetobacter Johnson ii)。     

高效聚磷菌的选育及其特性研究

从鱼塘底部污泥中分离驯化得到一株高效聚磷菌株P5,采用厌氧/好氧(A/O)方式培养,在厌氧阶段3 h的最大释磷量为17 mg/L;在好氧条件下培养16 h后,P5对总磷(PO43--P)浓度为10~30 mg/L的模拟废水的除磷率均可保持在90%,COD的去除率达到82.1%。染色实验表明,P5是革兰氏阴性球杆菌,菌体内含有异染颗粒。     

乙酸/丙酸作为EBPR碳源的动力学模型研究(Ⅲ)——模型的应用

采用基于SCFAs代谢的动力学模型,模拟了不同碳源类型和不同m(P)/m(COD)对聚磷菌(PAO)和聚糖菌(GAO)竞争的影响.结果表明,以乙酸作为唯一碳源时,EBPR中的微生物种群结构基本保持反应器初始状态的生物组成,PAO或GAO都无法取得明显的竞争优势.但是,在进水中添加丙酸有利于PAO成为优势微生物,当丙酸占总酸的质量分数达到33%以上时,EBPR趋于稳定.当m(P)/m(COD)<0.01时,即使丙酸作为EBPR的碳源,GAO仍占(PAO+GAO)总量的95%以上.为了使PAO占有优势,进水m(P)/m(COD)应该控制在0.04～0.10之间.     

同步反硝化聚磷的试验研究

采用SBR反应器和人工合成废水研究了同步反硝化聚磷的条件和影响因素.试验结果表明,厌氧/好氧方式下驯养的生物除磷污泥,在厌氧期之后供给硝酸盐,则污泥可以很快实现同步反硝化聚磷.聚磷前厌氧阶段的存在是实现反硝化聚磷必不可少的重要前提.在没有NO₃^-干扰而且乙酸钠为唯一碳源下,最佳厌氧时间为60min.先于缺氧期微生物接触硝酸盐,会使反硝化聚磷减弱甚至丧失.缺氧段NO₃^--浓度是影响反硝化聚磷效果的因素之一.在厌氧(2h)-缺氧(1h)-好氧(2h)的试验条件下,当NO₃^--N浓度由5mg/L上升至20mg/L时,其反硝化聚磷效率由11.9%上升至48.7%.但NO₃^--N浓度提高到了20mg/L以上时,其效率提高得不很明显.好氧段的存在不会使诱导形成的反硝化聚磷消失,但缩短好氧时间有助于提高DNPA在除磷中的比例.     

镍对活性污泥生物除磷的影响及其机理

以实际生活污水为研究对象,在序批式活性污泥反应器中探究了Ni2+对活性污泥形态及生物除磷性能的影响。实验结果表明,Ni2+能够抑制生物除磷,当Ni2+质量浓度由0 mg/L增加至10.0 mg/L时,PO43--P去除率由93%下降至12%。机理研究结果表明：Ni2+能抑制聚磷微生物的厌氧释磷和好氧吸磷,并能抑制内聚物聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）的合成;当Ni2+质量浓度为10.0 mg/L时,PHA的最大含量仅为2.4 mmol/g （以单位质量挥发性悬浮物所含PHA中C的物质的量计）,远低于空白组中PHA的含量。此外,Ni2+还对微生物群落的组成产生影响,并促进活性污泥中聚糖微生物的增殖。     

The long-term effect of initial pH control on the enrichment culture of phosphorus- and glycogen-accumulating organisms with a mixture of propionic and acetic acids as carbon sources

In most studies on phosphorus- and glycogen-accumulating organisms (PAO and GAO), pH was controlled constantly throughout the entire anaerobic and aerobic periods, and acetic acid was used as the carbon source. In this paper, the effect of long-term initial pH values on PAO and GAO was investigated with mixed propionic and acetic acids as carbon sources. It was observed that with pH increasing from 6.4 to 8.0, the anaerobic propionic acid uptake rate by PAO linearly increased but that by GAO proportionally decreased. At pH 6.70 and pH 7.51, PAO and GAO exhibited the same acetic and propionic acid uptake rates, respectively. The acetic acid uptake rate by PAO was greater than that by GAO at pH > 6.70, and the propionic acid uptake rate by PAO was higher than that by GAO at pH > 7.51, which indicated that PAO would take predominance over GAO at pH > 7.51. Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate, poly-3-hydroxyvalerate and poly-3-hydroxy-2-methylvalerate shared 7%, 62% and 31%, respectively in the PAO system, and 11%, 44% and 45% respectively in the GAO system, and these fractions were observed independent of pH either in the PAO or in the GAO system. In the PAO system, with the increase of pH, the phosphorus removal efficiency was improved greatly, and a phosphorus removal efficiency of 100% was achieved at 8.0. Further investigation showed that the higher phosphorus removal efficiency at higher pH was mainly caused by a biological effect instead of chemical one.     

污水起始pH值对序批式反应器(SBR)中增强生物除磷过程的影响研究

通过序批式反应器（SBR）的连续运行,研究了污水不同起始pH值对增强生物除磷的影响（SBR1：pH=6.8;SBR2：pH=7.6）.结果表明,在厌氧阶段,SBR2释磷量高于SBR1;在好氧阶段,SBR2降解的聚羟基烷酸（PHA）量低于SBR1,并且糖原合成量/PHA降解量的比例要远远低于SBR1.但是,SBR2反而比SBR1吸收更多的磷.进一步的研究表明,由于SBR2比SBR1合成的糖原少,因此其低PHA降解量并没有导致低吸磷量.推测SBR2中的聚磷菌（PAO）量高于SBR1,从而导致SBR2有着更高的吸磷量以及PHA利用率.在好氧末,SBR2中的可溶解性正磷酸盐（SOP）浓度远远低于SBR1,SBR2的除磷效果达到93.67%,但SBR1仅为65.06%.因此,通过控制污水起始pH值的方法可以达到显著提高增强生物除磷效果的目的,比控制整个污水生物处理过程pH的方法要方便.