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排序方式: 共有243条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Gabriela P. Mendes Vivian M.A. Magalhães Lélia C.R. Soares Rayanne M. Aranh Claudio A.O. Nascimento Marilda M.G.R. Viann Osvaldo Chiavone-Filho 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2020,32(4):67-77
Chemical oxidation was applied to an artificially contaminated soil with naphthalene (NAP). Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. Evaluation of NAP distribution and mass reduction in soil, water and air phases was carried out through mass balance. The importance of the air phase analysis was emphasized by demonstrating how NAP behaves in a sealed system over a 4 hr reaction period. Design of Experiments method was applied to the following variables: sodium persulfate concentration [SP], ferrous sulfate concentration [FeSO4], and pH. The system operated with a prefixed solid to liquid ratio of 1:2. The following conditions resulted in optimum NAP removal [SP] = 18.37 g/L, [FeSO4] = 4.25 g/L and pH = 3.00. At the end of the 4 hr reaction, 62% of NAP was degraded. In the soil phase, the chemical oxidation reduced the NAP concentration thus achieving levels which comply with Brazilian and USA environmental legislations. Besides the NAP partitioning view, the monitoring of each phase allowed the variabilities assessment over the process, refining the knowledge of mass reduction. Based on NAP distribution in the system, this study demonstrates the importance of evaluating the presence of semi-volatile and volatile organic compounds in the air phase during remediation, so that there is greater control of the system as to the distribution and presence of the contaminant in the environment. The results highlight the importance of treating the contaminant in all its phases at the contaminated site. 相似文献
2.
J. Franzaring 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》1997,46(3):209-220
Up to now only very few studies in biomonitoring of organic air pollutants have been published taking into account the strong influence mean temperatures have on the accumulation process into plants during the course of the exposition. Temperature governed sorption as well as the plants vitality pose a major source of uncertainty making inter-study comparisons difficult. Different surface-to-volume ratios of plant foliage lead to strongly varying concentration effects in different plant species. Moreover a plants content of waxes and lipids must be considered in order to relate xenobiotic concentrations to the compounds being most efficient in the bioaccumulation process. Some of these factors are evaluated in regard to the use of plants as biomonitors for organic air pollutants. Another aim is to deduce the mean ambient gas phase concentrations from PAH concentrations determined in the biomonitor plants using vegetation-air partitioning coefficients which have been corrected for temperature dependent sorption as well as the plants lipid content. Restrictions of such approaches and methods of biomonitoring in general are discussed. 相似文献
3.
Developing sediment quality criteria for heavy metal pollution in the Le An River with equilibrium partitioning approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1IntroductionActingasrepositoryorsourceofvariouscontaminantsunderdiferentconditions,problemsedimentsmaythreatentheaquaticorga... 相似文献
4.
文章建立了简单、快速的阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量高校液相色谱检测方法以及利用水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣。采用固相萃取-高效液相色谱检测方法测定阿维菌素菌渣中阿维菌素残留量,提取剂为乙腈/水=4/1(V/V),采用HLB固相萃取柱进行净化。加标回收率90.3%~107.3%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.00%~5.69%,阿维2菌素标准曲线线性相关系数R~2=0.999 6,线性范围为1.0~1 000 mg/L。利用正交实验,水热法处理阿维菌素菌渣,在190℃的温度下处理2 h后,菌渣中阿维菌素残留量由991.30降至0.84 mg/kg,去除率达99.92%。处理前后的菌渣与有机肥标准作对比,除含水率外其余检测指标均达到有机肥标准要求。该项研究为阿维菌素菌渣的资源化利用提供了理论依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
卤系阻燃剂在东江工业水体中的质量浓度及其分配特征 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
本研究分析了东江工业水体中卤系阻燃剂的浓度,组成分布以及分配特征.结果表明多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)是水体中的主要的卤系阻燃剂,占总卤系阻燃剂的41.0%,其质量浓度范围为1 102.3~3 666.9 pg·L~(-1),其中BDE209是颗粒相的主要成分.四溴双酚A(TBBPA)占总卤系阻燃剂的32.4%,其质量浓度范围为1 120.9~2 856.5 pg·L~(-1),其他卤系阻燃剂如十溴二苯乙烷(DBDPE)、德克隆(DP)和六溴环十二烷(HBCDs)分别占总卤系阻燃剂的16.3%、7.3%和3.0%,其质量浓度范围分别为397.7~1 736.8、235.7~778.1和9.5~266.8 pg·L~(-1).在对水体溶解相和颗粒相分配的研究中发现,PBDEs、DBDPE、DP和HBCDs主要存在于水体颗粒相中,而TBBPA由于其较大的水溶性,主要存在于溶解相中;卤系阻燃剂的lgK_(oc)与lgK_(ow)之间存在显著的相关性,但是lgK_(oc)实测值与其理论预测值有一定差异,这可能是受控于悬浮颗粒(SPM)含量和溶解有机碳(DOC)含量这两个因素,此外,颗粒相和溶解相之间分配是否达到平衡也是影响测量lg Koc值的因素. 相似文献
7.
Seasonal and particle size-dependent variations in gas/particle partitioning of PCDD/Fs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lee SJ Ale D Chang YS Oh JE Shin SK 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2008,153(1):215-222
This study monitored particle size-dependent variations in atmospheric polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). Two gas/particle partitioning models, the subcooled liquid vapor pressure (P(L)(0)) and the octanol-air partition coefficient (K(OA)) model, were applied to each particle sizes. The regression coefficients of each fraction against the gas/particle partition coefficient (K(P)) were similar for separated particles within the same sample set but differed for particles collected during different periods. Gas/particle partitioning calculated from the integral of fractions was similar to that of size-segregated particles and previously measured bulk values. Despite the different behaviors and production mechanisms of atmospheric particles of different sizes, PCDD/F partitioning of each size range was controlled by meteorological conditions such as atmospheric temperature, O(3) and UV, which reflects no source related with certain particle size ranges but mixed urban sources within this city. Our observations emphasize that when assessing environmental and health effects, the movement of PCDD/Fs in air should be considered in conjunction with particle size in addition to the bulk aerosol. 相似文献
8.
Seasonal concentrations and partitioning of PAHs in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Effects of space heating on atmospheric concentrations and gas-particle partitioning of PAHs were investigated in a suburban site of Bursa, Turkey. The average concentrations of ∑15-PAHs in heating season samples were approximately 10 times higher than those of non-heating season samples. The plot of log Kp versus log PL0 for all the data set gave significantly different slopes. The slope for the heating season (−0.75) samples was steeper than the one for the non-heating season (−0.64) samples. It was also observed that partitioning of PAHs for the non-heating season samples showed different characteristics depending on air parcel trajectories. Generally steeper slopes were obtained for the air parcels traveled across the Black sea and arrived to the sampling site from northern sector. On the other hand, the variations in slopes according to air mass origin were insignificant for the heating season samples. Local contributions from space heating are the reason for this observation. 相似文献
9.
Passy SI 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2007,127(1-3):409-417
Diatom assemblages from 83 epilithic samples taken from the Mesta River, Bulgaria, were regressed against three sets of predictor
variables, i.e. environmental, spatial, and temporal. Redundancy analysis (RDA) of species and environmental data explained
36% of the diatom variance and extracted several important gradients of species distribution, associated with a downstream
increase in nutrient levels, pH, temperature, and organic pollution. The inclusion of spatial and temporal variables in the
RDA model captured additional 24% of the diatom variance and revealed three more gradients, a spatial gradient represented
by higher order polynomial terms of latitude and longitude, and two temporal gradients of annual and seasonal variation. Partial
RDAs demonstrated that the unique contribution of each predictor set to the explained diatom variance was the highest in the
spatial dataset (16%), followed by the environmental (9%), and the temporal (7%) datasets. The remaining 28% of the variance
was explained by the covariance of the predictor sets. This suggests that in biomonitoring of single stream basins, the cheap
and simple account of space and time would explain most of the variance in assemblage composition obviating the necessity
of expensive and time-consuming environmental assessments. The nature of the underlying environmental mechanisms can be easily
inferred from the diatom composition itself. 相似文献
10.
Many release problems involve two-phase releases of hazardous materials of superheated liquids with high energy into the atmosphere. Such accidents are accompanied by violent phase transition and form catastrophic flashing jets. In this work, experimental and theoretical analyses were conducted to investigate dynamic characteristics of flashing jet morphology and their dependence on pressure-decay dynamics under different storage pressures, superheats, and nozzle diameters. Flashing jet morphology and angle throughout two-phase releases were captured by a high-speed camera, and the corresponding source pressure in the superheated liquid tank was measured simultaneously. Results show that three typical phases, expansion, stabilization, and decay, are characterized throughout two-phase release based on the evolution of flashing jet morphology. The jet initially expands gradually due to the enhancement of phase transition intensity, and then keeps stable when the intensity reaches its maximum, and terminally decays rapidly due to the depletion of superheated liquid. Phase transition intensity at the nozzle exit is mainly controlled by the pressure-decay dynamics. Bubbles nucleation inception sites gradually move upstream of the nozzle during the pressure decay process increasing the phase transition intensity. The increase of storage pressure, superheat and nozzle diameter promotes the mechanical and thermodynamic effects on the jet breakup. The significant increase of mechanical and thermodynamic effects effectively accelerates droplets evaporation and further affects flashing jet morphology. 相似文献