Precision teaching to improve drivers’ lane maintenance

Introduction: This study investigates the effect of precision teaching signals on lane maintenance. Methods: In experiment 1, the control group drove a simulator with no signals. In experiment 2, drivers were presented with auditory signals depending on their position within or outside the lane. In experiment 3, visual signals were presented in addition to auditory signals to examine the effect of redundancy on drivers’ lane maintenance. Results: Results showed an improvement in lane maintenance in experiment 2. Cross-experiment analysis indicated this effect not to be the result of learning. Data from experiment 3 also showed that presenting redundant signals did not further reduce lane variability or help drivers maintain a more central position within the lane. Conclusions: Taken together, data suggest precision teaching be effective as an educational tool to improve lane maintenance. Practical Applications: Our study shows the potential for precision teaching to serve as a valuable tool in driver training.     

两种吹扫捕集浓缩仪在测定土壤VOCs时的性能比较

从仪器精密度、方法检出限、准确度等角度对吹扫捕集浓缩仪Stratum PTC与Eclipse 4660的性能进行比较。结果表明,大部分分析物用Stratum PTC的方法检出限略高于Eclipse 4660,但精密度比Eclipse 4660稍差;Eclipse 4660用于分析极性的、水溶性物质的效果比Stratum PTC好,回收率更高。两种吹扫捕集仪的测试结果均满足《土壤和沉积物挥发性有机物的测定吹扫捕集/气相色谱-质谱法》(HJ 605-2011)标准方法的指标要求。     

Using Goals in Environmental Management: The Swedish System of Environmental Objectives

In Sweden, environmental policy is essentially carried out through a system of environmental objectives adopted by Parliament in the late 1990s. This system contains principles, objectives, interim targets, strategies, and follow-up mechanisms, which together provide a solid ground for increased efficiency and improved prioritization in environmental policies. Despite the ambitious approach of the Swedish Parliament, the system of environmental objectives suffers from certain shortcomings. Some of the objectives are imprecise and difficult to evaluate, and there are no rules or principles that may be used to solve goal conflicts and to prioritize between different objectives. As a consequence, the environmental objectives tend to differ in their degrees of operationalizability, and the priority-setting between different objectives is often unclear.*Rskr. denotes a written communication (from the Swedish Parliament to the Swedish Government) of a Parliamentary decision. Note: This version was published online in June 2005 with the cover date of August 2004.     

对HANNA C200离子分析仪测定氨氮精密度和准确度

HANNA C200离子分析仪测定水中的氨氮操作简便、快速、试剂用量小;经统计学处理,标准样品在中间浓度精密度、准确度较高;测定值更准确。     

上海市环科院大型精密仪器网络化管理的尝试

随着科学技术的发展,环境保护越来越受到重视,大型仪器设备在环境科学研究中的应用也越广泛。文章分析了上海市环境科学研究院原大型精密仪器的使用状况,介绍了大型精密仪器网络化管理模式、网络化管理的意义及需注意的问题,以及网络化管理后取得的成效等,以期为其他同类企事业单位提供参考。     

聚能罩挤压成形工艺研究

介绍聚能罩挤压成形的工艺过程、变形特点,分析了挤压件尺寸精度的变化规律以及变形程度与机械性能的关系.     

硝基苯测定方法的探讨

对硝基苯方法的测定，改为不加氢氧化钠和硫酸氢钾及用２．５％氨基磺酸代替２．５％氨基磺酸铵的两种方法与“还原←偶氮光度法”原分析方法作了分别的对比实验，实验结果经ｔ值检验是一致的．并且改进后的方法精密度与准确度都很高．     

Perception and Attitude of Residents Toward Urban Green Spaces in Guangzhou (China)

Fast economic and social changes in recent years in China have brought massive expansion, redevelopment, and restructuring of cities. These changes offer cities the opportunity to improve environmental quality through urban green spaces (UGSs) and to address the challenges of meeting community aspirations. This study explored peoples’ minds concerning UGSs in Guangzhou city in south China in relation to the following: (1) knowledge and perception of 25 ecosystem services and 8 negative impacts; (2) attitude toward site condition and management; (3) expectation of landscape design; and (4) preference ranking of venues. A questionnaire was designed to solicit opinions from 340 respondents randomly chosen from residents living in the study area. The results indicated widespread recognition of ecosystem services and strong support of UGS programs. Negative responses were weakly expressed. Amelioration of urban microclimate and environmental quality were emphasized. Environmental functions stressed in publicity programs, together with aggravating environmental problems in the city, tended to focus respondents’ attention on UGS benefits. Wildlife habitat, species conservation and other natural ecosystem services drew limited concerns. Awareness of economic benefits was very low. Visual-landscape contributions with strong preference for naturalistic design and recreational benefits were highlighted. Compared with other countries, Guangzhou residents were characterized by visual–scenic–recreation orientation and pragmatic–utilitarian perception of UGSs, reflecting underlying differences in the understanding of inherent ecosystem services of green spaces. Relevant UGS policies and practices could adopt the approaches of market survey, citizen participation, and precision planning in order to meet increasingly mature and refined demands. Citizens’ understanding of high-order ecosystem services could be enhanced to encourage appreciation of nature and their associated benefits.     

大流量孔口流量计的校准、数据处理及误差分析

用罗兹流量计校准孔口流量计,用温度和大气压力对孔口流量计的负压进行修正,使孔口流量计的流量和压力修正项间的关系为一直线,得到孔口流量计的标准曲线并评价其精度。探讨了孔口流量计流量不确定度的主要来源,为精度控制提供了理论依据。      

土壤重金属监测过程及其质量控制

重点探讨了土壤中典型重金属含量监测过程中样品制备、含水率、预处理等因素对分析结果的影响。实验结果表明,充分风干土壤的含水率在2%～3%左右,200目土壤颗粒度可满足分析精度的要求。硝酸-氢氟酸-高氯酸的多元混酸消解体系可实现对土壤重金属的充分溶解,对标准土壤样品中各元素的回收率可达84%～98%。批次内平行样品以及批次间质控样品各元素的相对标准偏差大都小于10%,符合《土壤环境监测技术规范》的要求,表明该研究建立的系统土壤重金属检测方法结果准确可靠。