Numerical Simulations of the Urban Roughness Sub-Layer : A First Attempt

Most of the mesoscale models use roughness parameters to characterise the ground and to compute the surface stress. As the experimental determinations of the urban roughness parameters are rare and not very reliable, a new methodology based on microscale numerical simulations is presented here and the first results from two-dimensional simulations with different roof shapes are analysed.Firstly, it appears that the roof shape has a large influence : large difference in the Reynolds stress profile and in the roughness sub-layer thickness, enhancement of the exchanges at the roof level by buildings with attic. It also appears that the fetch necessary to obtain a constant flux layer is unrealistic compared to the real spatial homogeneity of quarters in European cities. Consequently, a new parameterisation of the urban ground-induced friction is to be developed without reference to the constant flux layer theory.     

煤矿顶板冒落预报的分形研究

应用分形理论，研究了煤矿顶板运动过程中所表现的分形特征，提出了用顶板下沉速度的分数维值的变化预报顶板来压、冒落的方法，使得预报顶板来压、冒落的指标定量化成为可能，预报更加科学，把预报的理论与方法推进到新阶段。这对保障煤矿生产安全具有重要的应用价值。     

滁州地区覆盖层厚度对场地地震动参数的影响

以滁州地区近百个钻孔资料为原型建立土层模型,采用一维频域等效线性化波动方法进行了土层地震反应分析,重点分析了覆盖层厚度对场地地震动参数的影响。研究结果表明,随着覆盖层厚度的增加,地表峰值加速度及土层放大系数逐渐增大,当覆盖层厚度超过一定值时,地表峰值加速度及土层放大系数呈逐渐缓慢减小的趋势;而反应谱特征周期总体上随着覆盖层厚度的增加而逐渐增大。     

Quality of roof runoff waters from an urban region (Gda sk, Poland)

The paper presents the results of testing of roof runoff waters from buildings in the city of Gda sk (Poland), carried out as a part of a broader research project aimed at the determination of pollutant levels in precipitation. The analytes determined included volatile organohalogen compounds, petroleum hydrocarbons, Na⁺, K⁺, NH₄⁺, Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, F⁻, Cl⁻, NO₂⁻, NO₃⁻, PO₄³⁻, SO₄²⁻ ions, as well as organonitrogen, organophosphorus and organochlorine pesticides. In addition, the toxicity and pH of the samples were examined. The samples were collected over a period of six months, during or immediately following precipitation events. More than half of the samples (25) were found to be toxic, with inhibition exceeding 20%. The toxicity was weakly correlated to the levels of organonitrogen and organophosphorus pesticides in runoff waters. It was established that at least in some cases the roofing material affected the levels of the pollutants found in the samples.     

屋顶电除尘器的研制与应用

介绍了研制屋顶电除尘器要解决的几个问题。确定原始设计参数的方法,及其结构特点、技术指标。同时对运行状况作了简要分析。     

薄膜覆盖减少化肥养分流失研究

我国化肥的利用率低,使用量又不断增长,增加了农业面源污染问题的严重性.本研究针对化肥流失主要通过水带走的特性,进行大田试验种植玉米,利用薄膜覆盖所施用的化肥,实现"肥与水隔离",以减少化肥流失.试验一方面观察了不同施肥处理二季甜玉米的生长和产量,另一方面测定了作物对肥料的利用率以及地表径流养分含量.结果表明,在本土壤条件下甜玉米只需施用常规施肥量的70%即可达到高产.甜玉米收获后土壤中碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾的含量比不经薄膜覆盖的显著提高,其顺序为100%施肥量+覆膜70%施肥量+覆膜100%施肥量、70%施肥量不施肥.氮、磷、钾肥料的表观利用率分别为42%~87%、0%~3%和5%~15%,覆膜处理一般高于不覆膜处理,特别是在高施肥量情况下更为明显.通过8次径流水的收集测定,无薄膜覆盖的施肥处理的地表径流N、P和K平均浓度分别为27.72、2.70和7.07 mg.L-1,薄膜覆盖技术处理降低N、P、K浓度的效果分别达到了39.54%、28.05%、43.74%,对于减少农业面源污染和水体富营养化可起到明显效果.     

Location set covering for waste resource recycling centers in Taiwan

The efficiency of Taiwan's waste management and resource recycling systems has been well recognized in recent years, but the present model used to locate recycling centers and to assign collection depots to those centers continues to show low efficiency. To address this issue, the study herein suggests implementing a new location-planning and assignment model to reduce the number of existing recycling centers. Such a reduction would reduce the use of land resources. Moreover, the total transportation distance would decrease through the efficient assignment of collection depots to recycling centers. On the basis of results from previous studies, this study proposes a 2-stage location set covering problem-P-median integrated model that obtains exact solutions using heuristic algorithms on the basis of set operations. The results of numerical analyses show that the model introduced in this study is effective in solving the problems stated above as well as in improving the layout of Taiwan's existing recycling centers.     

天津LNG接收站码头钢桩长效腐蚀防护技术对比研究

为解决码头钢桩防腐问题,针对国内同类场站进行腐蚀调研,并对钢桩长效腐蚀防护技术进行优选。调研和试验结果表明,复层矿脂包覆技术(PTC)的防护效果优于其他2类腐蚀防护技术,是码头钢桩浪花飞溅区腐蚀防护的最佳解决方案。天津南港LNG接收站打破国内码头防腐设计的传统,在设计建造初期就采用PTC技术进行防腐保护,在国内尚属首例。相关调研和试验结果可为国内码头钢桩防腐设计提供参考。     

客土覆盖对降低放射性铈在大豆中积累的效应

采用模拟污染物的同位素示踪技术研究了客土覆盖对降低大豆中放射性铈积累的效应.结果表明,在受¹⁴¹Ce污染的土壤表面覆盖客土,能降低大豆对¹⁴¹Ce的吸收和积累,效果十分明显,当客土覆盖厚度为12cm时,豆根、豆秸、豆壳和豆籽中¹⁴¹Ce比活度分别下降了83.5%、30.6%、13.7%和11.8%;大豆中吸收积累的¹⁴¹Ce比活度随客土覆盖厚度的增加而下降,其中豆根中¹⁴¹Ce比活度与覆盖的客土厚度呈指数负相关,豆秸、豆壳、豆籽中¹⁴¹Ce比活度则与客土覆盖厚度呈线性负相关.     

客车上顶内板冲压工艺及模具设计

论述了工艺分析在模具设计中的主导地位,着重指出冲压工艺方案的合理性是设计好模具的首要条件.并介绍了模具结构、工作原理及模具的使用情况.