Minimizing drift and exposure from knapsack sprayers

Abstract

An improved drift shield for attaching to the lance of conventional knapsack sprayer to reduce wind induced drift and operator exposure was designed and tested. The drift shield consists of a conical wire frame covered with polythene and has an annular opening at the point of attachment to the lance which allows air to be drawn into the shield while spraying. Tests conducted with winds in the range of 1.25–5.75 m/s show that wind can increase the width of spray swath from an unshielded lance, up to 4.3 times the normal swath in no‐wind condition. Use of a conventional shield contained the swath width within 3.5 times and the improved shield restricted the swath width to 3.1 times the normal swath. Spray deposit from an unshielded lance, within the normal swath decreased to as low as 45%, due to wind effects. However, use of the conventional, and the improved shields enhanced the spray deposit to 54.2% and 68%, respectively. The improved drift shield improved the spray pattern displacement (SPD) significantly (P<0.05) compared with the conventional shield and the unshielded lance when the wind speed exceeded 1.25 m/s. The improved shield decreased the off target drift by as much as 63% compared with the unshielded spray. It also decreased the quantity of pesticide deposit on the operator's body by 41–84% and thereby reduced exposure and improved safety.     

金属材料对放射性核素的屏蔽性能研究

目的为应对在核反恐以及核应急中屏蔽体对放射性核素的监测和识别干扰,对金属材料屏蔽体的放射性核素屏蔽性能进行研究。方法选用三种不同壁厚、材质的金属作为屏蔽体,探测它们对同一放射源的屏蔽作用。结果发现研究中的几种金属材料屏蔽体对200 ke V以下的gamma射线均具有较强的屏蔽作用,尤其对于低强度射线,经屏蔽体后几乎无法检测到。同一材质金属,其屏蔽性能与壁厚成正比,但是4 mm铝筒的屏蔽效果比3 mm钢筒的屏蔽效果有时候还差。结论在实际场景放射性核素探测识别中,应充分考虑到不同材质和不同壁厚的屏蔽体对射线的吸收影响,从而快速检测和识别放射性核素。这对核反恐和核应急过程中的监测有特别的现实意义。     

电子设备的屏蔽技术

在电子设备的屏蔽设计中,不能有直接穿过屏蔽体的导体和屏蔽体的导电连续性是两个最基本的原则。     

鲨鱼皮微复制技术在抗菌防护领域中的应用研究

生物制造工程是在生命科学和仿生学基础上建立起来的前沿科技,通过基因复制、生物去除、生物生长、生物约束等方法将生物体特质直接复制到模具上,从而赋予产品特定的使用功能。本文通过对鲨鱼皮肤的分析论述了其抗菌机理以及利用生物约束成型技术将新鲜鲨鱼皮微结构复制到模具上的工艺流程。     

Variations in Epilimnion Thickness in Small Boreal Shield Lakes: Relationships with Transparency, Weather and Acidification

We used multiple linear regression analysis to investigate relationships between late-summer epilimnion thickness, transparency, lake area, acidity and summer weather conditions in a large ($n = 116$) multi-year data set for 9 small Boreal Shield lakes. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was the best individual predictor of late summer epilimnion thickness ($r^{2} = 0.69$). Total chlorophyll~$a$, the number of days between ice-out and late-summer stratification, and lake area collectively explained an additional 14% of the variation in epilimnion thickness. The three attributes of summer weather that we examined, mean daily temperature, mean daily wind speed, and mean daily hours of bright sunshine, did not add to the predictive ability of our regression model. Lake acidity also did not add directly to the predictive ability of the model, likely because DOC concentrations already reflected the effects of pH. Our study supports an increasing body of evidence indicating that the dominant effects of climate change on lake thermal structure in small lakes will be through effects on processes that affect lake transparency.