生活垃圾填埋过程含水率变化研究

为分析垃圾在好氧和厌氧条件下降解过程中含水率变化的规律,采用时域反射测量(time domain reflectometry,TDR)技术监测了垃圾填埋过程中含水率的变化情况.结果表明,填埋过程中垃圾体积含水率随时间逐渐增大,垃圾持水性能不断提高.好氧初期垃圾内水量变化与含水率变化正相关,好氧后期则为负相关;厌氧填埋过程中,垃圾沉降压缩是含水率变化的主要原因.垃圾TDR读数与基于物质衡算的垃圾体积含水率计算值之间有较好的相关性,好氧填埋过程两者最大偏差约为±5%,厌氧填埋过程两者最大偏差约为±2%,TDR技术适用于实际填埋工程的含水率测量.     

WATER RIGHTS,EMINENT DOMAIN,AND THE PUBLIC TRUST1

ABSTRACT: Faced with the necessity of meeting growing municipal water requirements in areas where available supplies are completely allocated, numerous cities throughout the West are turning to their eminent domain powers to affect a reallocation of water from less preferred uses to municipal uses, thus bringing about a sharp conflict with agricultural interests. As a basis for discussing these eminent domain powers, this paper begins with a brief review of the development of property rights. The existence of both private and public (social) rights in the “bundle of rights” is noted. In recent years the Public Trust Doctrine has been used to limit private rights in property, and to protect and strengthen social rights. A case study which focuses on a conflict between individual and social interests in water rights is discussed. This case involves the City of Thorton, Colorado which initiated municipal condemnation proceedings to acquire the water rights and structures of two nearby irrigation companies. The case represents an attempt to incorporate the spirit of the Public Trust Doctrine into legislation which sets forth procedures for resolution of similar water rights conflicts that will inevitably become more numerous throughout the West in the future.     

车载接地装置的冲击接地阻抗研究

为解决车载装置在不同路面的接地问题,我们研制了可迅速安装和撤收的便携式接地装置,并选取一种组合在不同岩土介质地面上进行了实验,测得各自的冲击接地阻抗。然后,采用时域有限差分法对实验装置进行了数值分析,得出了该接地装置冲击接地阻抗的时域特性。与实验结果进行对比的结果表明,两者具有较好的一致性。     

Mercuric chloride effects on adult rat oval cells-induced apoptosis

In the present investigation, the toxicity of mercuric chloride (HgCl₂) was evaluated in adult oval cells isolated from rat utilizing the 2-acetylaminofluorene/partial hepatectomy technique. Isolated oval cells were incubated with 5 μM of HgCl₂ for 8 hr to elucidate in vitro cytotoxic responses. Recently, autophagic cell death was found in rat hepatocytes in vitro within 30 min of incubation with 5 μM of mercury (Hg) which triggered apoptosis and necroptosis in a time-dependent manner. Nuclear degradation occurred within 30 min of incubation and progressed with time until 8 hr. Apoptosis evidenced by activation of caspase-dependent pathway between 30 min to 8 hr of incubation was mediated via interchange of death domain signaling pathways. Receptor-interacting protein played a positive role to modulate the death domain receptors in the scenario of apoptotic death of oval cells until 6 hr. Autophagic marker proteins ATG12 and LC3B exerted a significant role in triggering apoptosis in 5 μM Hg-treated oval cells. No apparent expression of apoptosis-inducing-factor (AIF) and HMGB1 indicated absence of caspase-independent apoptosis and necrosis in the rat oval cells between 30 min and 8 hr. Thus a low concentration of Hg modulates programmed cell death in adult rat oval cells by altering expression of proteins involved in the molecular mechanisms of cellular functions.     

公共资源与最优产权选择

公共资源是指在产权界定过程中，资源所有者被迫放弃或者没有进行产权界定的资源部分,而产权界定本质上是划分公共资源归属权的过程。根据组织对公共资源控制权的性质，将其分为两类——组织间公共资源和组织内公共资源，并据此将产权界定、生产和交易纳入同一个分析框架中。通过分析，认为随着公共资源范围的变化，不同产权形成一个相互联系和转化的系列，即从资源非稀缺条件下的纯公共产权到资源全为废弃物的纯公共产权系列；不可交易的所有权是产权系列中的特殊形式，私人产权和俱乐部产权是这一系列中的过渡形式；组织内和组织间的均衡博弈结构决定最优产权的具体选择形式。     

基于满意度的热风炉变论域模糊控制

针对热风炉具有参数时变、强干扰、非线性等特点,其最佳空燃比难以确定的问题,提出一种基于模糊满意度的变论域模糊控制方法。首先通过在线获得加热过程的状态参数,采用满意度函数对空燃比进行评价,并将该评价结果和炉温变化作为变论域模糊控制方法的输入来实时获取最优的空燃比值,从而保证热风炉炉温的温度控制。实际运行结果证实了该系统的有效性。     

层状半空间中沉积谷地对入射SV波的放大作用——时域解答

利用傅里叶变换方法,研究了层状半空间中沉积谷地对SV波的时域散射问题。首先,通过傅里叶变换将时域问题转换为离散的频域问题,针对有效频率成分采用间接边界元方法求解频域响应,再将所得频域结果进行傅里叶逆变换得到时域解答。通过与已有结果的对比,验证了方法的正确性。最后,以基岩上单一土层中沉积谷地在R icker波入射下的散射问题为例进行了数值计算分析,结果表明,沉积谷地和土层的存在都会造成振动持续时间的增长;层状半空间中沉积谷地和均匀半空间中沉积谷地对波的放大作用存在显著差别。文中分析了造成该差别的原因,并讨论了覆盖层厚度和刚度对散射效应的影响。     

超标概率场在污水海洋处置工程浓度场分析中的应用

以深圳市宝安污水海洋处置工程为背景,针对目前国内外进行排放口近区研究存在的问题,提出了一套解决这些问题的方法．建立了一套详细的采用超标概率场、侵袭频率场分析时域法的计算结果的方法．通过输入排放口丰、枯水期大、小潮的监测数据,计算得出了这４种状况下,排放污水产生的超标概率场和侵袭频率场,并得出了相应的结论     

频率波数域内层状地基动力柔度的精细求解

精细积分法既可得到在计算机精度意义下的精确解,又能够保持哈密顿体系的辛结构.其是求解一阶线性常微分方程组的精确数值方法,既可以用于时间域的初值问题,又可以应用于空间域的两点边值问题.运用精细积分法求解微层区段矩阵,并对微层区段矩阵合并得到整个层状地基的区段矩阵,最终得到层状地基的动力柔度值.运用数值算例验证了本文方法的...     

我国发展循环经济的途径探讨

循环经济发展模式是传统发展范式的根本性变革,是我国可持续发展战略的有效实施途径,而目前我国循环经济工作尚处于起步阶段,其理论研究和实施途径都需要进一步的探索.详细分析了政府、企业和社会公众机制在发展循环经济中的主要作用和各自努力途径,提出了我国循环经济工作的切实、有效推行,需要政府主导营造环境,需要企业实施生态化转型构建生态型企业以及公众和NGO的积极参与.