SO32-/HSO5-体系去除印染生化尾水溶解性有机污染物

印染废水常规生化处理尾水中仍残余一定浓度的溶解性有机污染物（DOM）和新标准严格管控的苯胺.采用亚硫酸钠活化过硫酸氢钾复合盐（SO₃^2-/HSO₅^-）产硫酸根自由基（SO₄^-·）高级氧化体系对尾水进行深度处理,并基于响应面法优化初始pH值、反应温度、SO₃^2-/HSO₅^-物质的量比和HSO₅^-投加量对COD和苯胺去除效果的单独及交互影响.结果表明该体系对苯胺具有非常显著的去除效果,同时对COD亦有一定的降解能力.影响因子对COD和苯胺降解效果贡献排序分别为：温度>n（SO₃^2-）/n（HSO₅^-）>n（HSO₅^-）>初始pH值和n（HSO₅^-）>n（SO₃^2-）/n（HSO₅^-）/初始pH值>温度.在实验优化后得到的最佳条件下（pH=6.8,温度为53℃,SO₃^2-/HSO₅^-物质的量比为1.6,HSO₅^-投加量为37.1mmol/L）反应10min,出水的COD和苯胺去除率分别达到33%和90%.进一步分析了印染生化尾水处理前后DOM的荧光和分子特性,三维荧光光谱（3DEEMs）发现芳香族蛋白质和溶解性微生物代谢产物是原尾水中DOM的主要组分,经不同氧化条件下出水中DOM的荧光强度明显降低且性质发生改变,荧光区域标准体积削减了42.03%~77.67%;同时观察到氧化出水中类色氨酸（Ex/Em=230~225nm/340~330nm）峰值发生了5~10nm的蓝移,推测尾水中稠环芳烃分解为小分子,共轭基团和芳香环数量减少;凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）结果表明DOM中大分子（0.45 μm~100kDa）物质比例为41%,中等分子（12~100kDa）物质的比例为48.9%,峰值分子量（Mp）为56.324kDa,Mw/Mn=2.168,处理后的出水Mp主要分布在12.28~17.56kDa范围内,小分子物质数量增多,结构和种类发生变化;气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）进一步揭示氧化出水中的烷烃类物质含量明显降低,主要副产物为一些酯类、醇类和脂肪酸物质,为后续进一步生化处理创造了条件.     

饮用水处理过程中全氟化合物的分布、转化及去向

全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFASs)存在于地表水、自来水甚至商业饮用水中,对人类健康构成威胁.在以太湖为源头的某大型饮用水处理厂(DWTPs)中研究了14种PFASs的检出和转化.结果表明,共有10种PFASs在水样中被检测到,说明PFASs在饮用水中分布广泛.原水中的PFASs总浓度为127.4ng·L^-1,其中最高浓度为全氟辛酸(PFOA, 49.8ng·L^-1).预臭氧会导致PFASs的浓度反向升高,这可能是由于前体物的存在或由短链向长链进行转化导致.常规处理工艺无法有效去除PFASs, O₃-BAC在DWTPs的处理过程中对PFASs的去除(20.74%)具有主导作用.O₃-BAC作为DWTPs的主要去除工艺,其反冲洗水中含有浓度较高的PFASs,分布特征与原水相似.利用中试装置,对比了5种常见的滤池反冲洗水处理工艺,结果表明,GAC-超滤可以在保证浊度较高去除率(99.08%)的基础上,吸附并截留一定量的PFASs.从三维荧光分析可得,GAC-超滤也可去除大部分荧光微污染物,对于原水含有较高浓...     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in leaf cuticles and inner tissues of six species of trees in urban Beijing

Leaf samples of six tree species were collected along urban roadsides and a campus site in Beijing for measurement of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). PAHs in leaves were attributed to two fractions, leaf cuticles and inner leaf tissues, using sequential extraction. Total concentrations of 16 PAHs in the cuticles and the inner tissues were 69.3+/-64.6 microg g(-1) (d.w.) and 1.07+/-0.2 microg g(-1) (d.w.) at roadside and 57.5+/-52.6 microg g(-1) and 0.716+/-0.2 microg g(-1) on campus, respectively. The lipid-normalized inner tissue PAHs varied from 5.8 microg g(-1) to 15.0 microg g(-1). Similarities in PAH spectra between leaf cuticles and airborne particles and between the inner tissues and gaseous phase imply that airborne particulates and gaseous PAHs are likely the sources of PAHs for cuticles and the inner tissues, respectively. Difficulty in migration of heavier PAHs into inner tissues could be another reason.     

Co-composting of spent coffee ground with olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure and effect of Trametes versicolor inoculation on the compost maturity

The co-composting of spent coffee grounds, olive mill wastewater sludge and poultry manure was investigated on a semi-industrial scale. In order to reduce the toxicity of the phenolic fraction and to improve the degree of composting humification, composts were inoculated with the white-rot fungus Trametes versicolor in the early stages of the maturation phase.During composting, a range of physico-chemical parameters (temperature and both organic matter and C/N reduction), total organic carbon, total nitrogen, elemental composition, lignin degradation and spectroscopic characteristics of the humic acids (HAs) were determined; impacts of the composting process on germination index of Hordeum vulgare and Lactuca sativa were assessed. The coffee waste proved to be a highly compostable feedstock, resulting in mature final compost with a germination index of 120% in less than 5 months composting. In addition, inoculation with T. versicolor led to a greater degree of aromatization of HA than in the control pile. Moreover, in the inoculated mixture, lignin degradation was three times greater and HA increased by 30% (P < 0.05), compared to the control pile. In the T. versicolor inoculated mixture, the averages of C and N were significantly enhanced in the HA molecules (P < 0.05), by 26% and 22%, respectively. This improvement in the degree of humification was confirmed by the ratio of optical densities of HA solutions at 465 and 665 nm which was lower for HA from the treated mixture (4.5) than that from the control pile (5.4).