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排序方式: 共有4645条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Shu-Yii Wu Yong-Fang Liu Ya-Chieh Li Chun-Min Liu 《International Journal of Green Energy》2015,12(10):1025-1030
The CO2 absorption capacities of potassium glycinate, potassium sarcosinate (choline, proline), mono-ethanolamine (MEA), and tri-ethanolamine were evaluated to find the optimal absorbent for separating CO2 from gaseous products by a CO2 purification process. The absorption loading, desorption efficiency, cost, and environmental tolerance were assessed to select the optimal absorbent. MEA was found to be the optimum absorbent for separating the CO2 and H2 mixture in gaseous product. The maximum absorption loading rate was 0.77 mol CO2 per mol MEA at temperature of 20°C and absorbent concentration of 2.5 mol/L, whereas desorption efficiency was 90% by heating for 3 h at 130°C. MEA was found to be an optimal absorbent for the purification process of CO2 during gaseous production. 相似文献
2.
Evolution of environmental impact assessment as applied to watershed modification projects in Canada
Herman J. Dirschl Nicholas S. Novakowski M. Husain Sadar 《Environmental management》1993,17(4):545-555
This article reviews the application of environmental impact assessment (EIA) procedures and practices to three watershed
modification projects situaled in western Canada. These ventures were justified for accelerating regional economic development,
and cover the period during which public concerns for protecting the environment rapidly made their way into the national
political agenda. An historical account and analysis of the situation, therefore, seems desirable in order to understand the
development of EIA processes, practices, and methodologies since the start of construction of the first project in 1961. This
study concludes that there has been good progress in predicting and evaluating environmental and related social impacts of
watershed modification proposals. However, a number of obstacles need to be overcome before EIA can firmly establish itself
as an effective planning tool. These difficulties include jurisdictional confusions and conflicts, division of authority and
responsibility in designing and implementing appropriate mitigative and monitoring measures, lack of tested EIA methodologies,
and limited availability of qualified human resources. A number of conclusions and suggestions are offered so that future
watershed modification proposals may be planned and implemented in a more environmentally sustainable fashion. These include:
(1) EIA processes must be completed before irrevocable decisions are made. (2) Any major intrusion into a watershed is likely
to impact on some major components of the ecosystem(s). (3) Mitigation costs must form part of the benefit-cost analysis of
any project proposal. (4) Interjurisdictional cooperation is imperative where watersheds cross political boundaries. (5) The
EIA process is a public process, hence public concerns must be dealt with fairly. (6) The role of science in the EIA process
must be at arms length from project proponents and regulators, and allowed to function in the interest of the protection of
the environment and public health and safety.
The views expressed here are the authors’ own and do not necessarily reflect those of FEARO and/or other government agencies
and officials involved in the review of these projects. 相似文献
3.
论环境产业 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
曹曼 《中国人口.资源与环境》2008,18(6)
本文在可持续发展视角下,把环境的保护、修复、维护的生产活动及与之直接相关的服务活动称为环境产韭,包括发挥减少、避免污染环境作用的资源再利用鼗和发挥治理污染物与修复、改善环境作用的环境维护业.通过探讨环境产业的内涵、发展历程、运行机制和在产业体系中的位置与作用,指出环境产业是在法规保障下政府强行推动产生和发展起来的,是产业体系中不可缺少的重要组成部分;考虑自然环境对社会行为的影响,改进政府行为构建适台环境产业与传统产业协调发展的经济体制是加快发展环境产业的关键. 相似文献
4.
Mikael Skou Andersen 《Sustainability Science》2007,2(1):133-140
This paper provides an introduction to some of the fundamental principles and approaches in environmental economics which
are of significance to achieving an integrated sustainability science. The concept of a circular economy, introduced by the
late David Pearce in 1990, addresses the interlinkages of the four economic functions of the environment. The environment
not only provides amenity values, in addition to being a resource base and a sink for economic activities, it is also a fundamental
life-support system. Environmental economists have suggested that, taking these four functions as an analytical starting point,
unpriced or underpriced services should be internalised in the economy. In Europe significant advances have been achieved
in the pricing of externalities by means of truly interdisciplinary analysis which accounts in detail for the environmental
consequences. The monetary estimates reached as a result of such interdisciplinary research are gradually being applied to
the economic analysis of environmental policy priorities. Although such figures provide only a partial and incomplete picture
of the environmental costs at stake, they support and inform the analysis of the virtues of a circular economy for individual
resources as well as for sustainability as a future trajectory. 相似文献
5.
Christian Fuchs 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(3):291-309
This paper discusses the relationship of new information and communication technologies (ICTs) and sustainable development.
It deconstructs popular myths about a sustainable information society. One myth is that telework has reduced the need to travel
and hence environmental pollution. The reality is that teleworkers make up only a small share of the total workforce, telework
can generate new social relationships and hence the need for more travelling, work-related travel produces only a small amount
of the total carbon dioxide emissions, and that the total distance travelled per employee is constantly rising. Another myth
is that information economy is weightless and dematerialized which reduces environmental impacts. The energy and resource
intensities of the ICT sector are indeed lower than the one of the total economy. The ICT sector also emits less CO2 than the total economy. But the ICT sector constitutes only a small portion of the total value added and fossil fuel combustion
is still the dominant activity of modern industrial economies. Some stakeholders argue that virtual products allow resource,
energy, and transport savings. But burning digital music on compact discs and DVDs, printing digital articles and books, etc.
results in rebound effects that cause new material and energy impacts, computers have a low life span of 2–3 years, reusable
and upgradeable computers and computer equipment are hardly used and might not be as profitable as non-reusable ones, computers
are consuming much energy. Alternatives such as energy consumption labels on ICTs and green ICTs that consume less energy
contradict dominant economic interests. A sustainable information society is a society that makes use of ICTs and knowledge
for fostering a good life for all human beings of current and future generations by strengthening biological diversity, technological
usability, economic wealth for all, political participation of all, and cultural wisdom. Achieving a sustainable information
society costs, it demands a conscious reduction of profits by not investing in the future of capital, but the future of humans,
society, and nature. 相似文献
6.
爆炸事故过程分析中不确定性问题处理方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
针对事故过程分析中的不确定性问题,指出了不确定问题在危险分析中的重要性及处理该问题的复杂性和难点,列出了几种基于非线性数学方法处理不确定问题的基本方法,如微分法、MonteCarlo模拟、Fourier方法、响应表面法等,并对之进行了比较.建议在处理事故过程的不确定性时采用Monte Carlo模拟. 相似文献
7.
焦化废水处理过程中产生的焦油、污泥和结晶杂盐等固相物质,既有资源属性,又有污染特性,但目前缺乏基于能源、经济及环境影响方面的评估.本研究阐述了3类固相物质的形成机制,建立了质量当量计算及处置方法评价模型.以宝武集团韶关钢铁股份有限公司焦化厂(二期)焦化废水处理工程的A/O/H/O(厌氧/好氧/水解/好氧)流化床工艺作为考察对象,利用工程运行参数和水质统计数据进行固相物质的产量推算,结果发现,焦油、物化污泥、生物污泥(含水率为80%)和工业杂盐的产率分别为0.186、5.80、4.24和1.97 kg·m-3.通过处置方法评价模型明确了焦油焚烧、污泥热解、结晶杂盐分盐提纯后工业应用是最佳处置方案,在60 m3·h-1废水处理规模的固相物质处置过程中,每年约产生1177 MWh的能源,获得135.0万元的经济效益,排放627.0 t CO2,表明能源回收、经济效益和环境影响的协同存在. 相似文献
8.
为弄清饮用水O3-BAC深度处理工艺过程中细菌群落的时空分布和动态变化规律,本研究以我国南方某O3-BAC深度处理工艺水厂为研究对象,采用NovaSeq6000高通量测序技术对夏季和冬季各工艺单元出水及滤砂和活性炭生物膜等细菌群落进行解析.结果表明,出厂水pH、浊度、CODMn、菌落总数等指标均满足《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB5749-2006)的要求.夏季细菌群落多样性明显高于冬季,活性炭生物膜的细菌群落多样性高于滤砂生物膜;混凝沉淀、臭氧化和消毒是影响细菌群落多样性的主要工艺单元.水样和生物膜样品绝对优势菌门均为变形菌门(Proteobacteria),且主要菌门组成大体相同,但细菌群落门水平相对丰度存在一定的时空差异,属水平上差异则更为明显.此外,检测到的条件致病菌属主要包括芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、不动杆菌属(Acinetobacter)、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和分支杆菌属(Mycobacterium),且其所占核心微生物OTUs数目不受季节性影响.水温和生物可降解溶解性有机碳(BDOC)是显著影响细菌群落分布的主要水质参数.以上研究结果表明,O3-BAC深度处理工艺过程中细菌群落具有时空变化特性,并可为饮用水微生物安全保障提供支撑. 相似文献
9.
结合天气形势,地面观测资料和WRF-CMAQ模式,分析了2017年7月8~15日成都市一次罕见持续O3污染过程的特征及成因,量化了各个物理化学过程对此次污染过程的相对贡献,并通过敏感性实验分析了四川盆地内O3及其前体物的区域传输和本地光化学反应对此次污染过程的影响.结果表明,此次O3持续污染过程主要是因为四川盆地内盛行偏东风,导致盆地东部城市群的O3及其前体物经区域输送到成都及周边地区,加之成都市出现小风、气温升高等气象条件进而形成,属于典型的传输性爆发污染.持续污染形成的主要物理化学机制体现为日间气相化学过程贡献为稳定的正值,加之输送过程贡献出现爆发式升高,进而导致近地面O3小时净增量迅速上升且高达50μg/(m3·h),随之O3浓度迅速响应,产生爆发式增长.此外,敏感性实验结果显示此次成都市O3持续污染的形成受区域输送影响较受本地光化学反应影响更为明显.O3污染爆发前上游地区高浓度O3及其前体物沿流场输送并在成都及周边地区不断积累,导致日间O3浓度不断升高. 相似文献
10.
以漓江流域为例查明不同水体之间氢氧稳定同位素组成特征,并探讨氢氧稳定同位素对漓江流域的蒸发过程指示作用.结果表明:流域内不同水体之间,氢氧稳定同位素表现出不同的组成特征,地表水和地下水,在丰水期δD值和δ18O值要比枯水期更容易富集,地下水的δD值和δ18O值分布范围较地表水小;随着水温的升高,δ18O的变化趋势比d-excess明显.从漓江上游到下游高程逐渐下降,河水线的斜率和截距也在逐渐减小,其中漓江下游河水线的斜率和截距要低于当地大气降水线,表明下游受到蒸发作用较强烈;地下河水线、地表河水线在一定程度上偏离当地大气降水线,但偏离程度较小,表明三者之间有很好的水力联系.受温度和湿度的共同影响,漓江干流丰水期河水的蒸发量占最初水体总量的0.7%~9.1%,枯水期河水的蒸发量占最初水体总量的2.6%~9.7%,丰水期的蒸发比例低于枯水期,从上游到下游蒸发比例在逐渐上升.研究区蒸发量估算值为959.40mm,与多年实测值少43.11mm,相对误差4.70%.氢氧稳定同位素对研究区降水、地表水、地下水之间的转换规律具有重要的实际意义,在今后的漓江流域水文研究中有着更加广阔的空间. 相似文献