绿色木霉改性玉米秸秆溢油吸附剂的制备及其性能研究

利用绿色木霉对玉米秸秆进行固态发酵,通过单因素改性实验(改性时间、固液比和改性温度)制备溢油吸附剂TCS(Trichoderma viride modified corn stalk),并模拟溢油环境测定TCS的吸油量.研究表明,25℃下,改性6 d、固液比1∶4时,制得的TCS吸油量最大,达到13.84 g.g-1,相对原材料RCS(Raw corn stalk,吸油量为6.58 g.g-1)提高了110.33%.对RCS和TCS进行扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示制得的TCS表面变得更加粗糙;傅里叶红外光谱分析(FT-IR)表明玉米秸秆纤维素组分被部分降解;X射线衍射分析(XRD)得到改性后的材料结晶度降低;纤维素、半纤维素和木质素等组分测定进一步表明生物改性降低了玉米秸秆中纤维素及半纤维素的含量,这些均说明改性后材料吸油量增加的原因.吸附动力学及保油性能测试表明,TCS具有快速的吸油速率,80 r.min-1条件下振荡1 h后即达到吸附平衡;且在吸附饱和后滴淌10 min仍能保持最初吸油量的74.87%,具有良好的保油性能.     

Analysis of metabolic changes in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 at different fermentation time-points by LC-QQQ-MS

Trichoderma spp. are among the most widely recognized biocontrol fungi used to inhibit pathogens and promote plant growth. These functions are related to primary and secondary metabolites. This study investigated the different metabolites in Trichoderma asperellum TJ01 cultured for 24 and 72?h using liquid chromatography with triple-quadrupole mass spectrometry. Compared to the 24?h culture of T. asperellum TJ01, the 72?h culture with amino acid metabolism tended to decrease while sugar and lipid metabolisms tended to increase. Furthermore, the 72?h culture had a higher proportion of upregulated flavonoids, in combination with a higher proportion of downregulated alkaloids, and equal proportions of upregulated and downregulated polyphenols and hormones. This study also identified a few valuable medicinal substances such as trigonelline and 5-hydroxytryptophan in T. asperellum TJ01 fermentation cultures.     

蔬菜灰霉病生防菌的筛选与防效试验初报

针对灰霉病对大棚蔬菜生产造成的严重危害,从不同生态环境条件下筛选到４种对灰霉病菌（由Ｂｏｔｒｙｔｉｓｃｉｎｅｒｅａ引起）有拮抗作用的生防菌株,并进行了初步鉴定．室内和田间试验表明,４种生防菌株中尤以绿色木霉（Ｔｒｉｃｈｏｄｅｒｍａｖｉｒｉｄｅ）ＬＴＲ２的防治效果为最佳,达到了８０％以上     

Trichoderma atroviride as a bioremediator of Cu pollution: An in vitro study

Isolated Trichoderma atroviride from Cu-polluted river sediment at the Serdang Industrial Area was studied under in vitro conditions to understand the mechanisms that allowed the fungi to thrive in the Cu-polluted freshwater ecosystem. From this study, adsorption was recognized as the main mechanism of Cu tolerance with 50–85% adsorption during the in vitro experiment. The uptake capacity of the isolate in liquid medium ranged from 0.8 to 11.2 mg g^?1 in the potato dextrose broth medium with increasing Cu concentrations from 25 to 300 mg L^?1. It was found that 2.7–5.0% of Cu was lost due to washing. The high percentage of Cu adsorption and the high uptake capacity of Cu by T. atroviride suggest that it is a potential bioremediator of Cu. However, further studies are needed to confirm its practical use as a bioremediating agent for Cu under field conditions.     

垃圾堆肥高效复合微生物菌剂的制备

将康氏木霉、白腐菌、变色栓菌与EM菌、固氮菌、解磷菌、解钾菌按一定配比扩大培养制成5组复合微生物菌剂,比较其产脱氢酶、淀粉水解酶和纤维素分解酶能力大小以及在实际堆肥中的应用效果,从中选出一组高效复合微生物菌剂Ⅴ,其配比为:康氏木霉∶白腐菌∶变色栓菌∶EM菌∶固氮菌∶解磷菌∶解钾菌=15∶15∶15∶25∶10∶10。      

Biodegradation of Waste Cellulose

Environmental issues such as the depletion of nonrenewable energy resources and pollution are very topical and would need more scientific attention in order to be addressed in a way beneficial to life. The extent of solid waste production is a global concern and development of its bioenergy potential can simultaneously address issues such as pollution control and renewable energy development. Various wastepaper materials, a major component of solid waste, have been treated with cellulase from Trichoderma viride to bioconvert its cellulose component into fermentable sugars that could be utilized as feedstock for bioproduct development. These paper materials exhibited different susceptibilities toward the cellulase and showed different sugarreleasing patterns when increasing amounts of each paper were treated with the enzyme. Bioconversion of paper with different enzyme concentrations and during various time intervals also resulted in nonsimilar sugar-releasing patterns. With all the paper materials, a general decline in efficiency was observed with increasing amounts of sugar produced during the different bioconversion variables investigated.     

Use of fungi for the bioconversion of rice straw into cellulase enzyme

Cellulase production was carried out by solid state bioconversion (SSB) method using rice straw, a lignocellulosic material and agricultural waste, as the substrate of three Trichoderma spp. and Phanerochaete chrysosporium in lab-scale experiments. The results were compared to select the best fungi among them for the production of cellulase. Phanerochaete chrysosporium was found to be the best among these species of fungi, which produced the highest cellulase enzyme of 1.43 IU/mL of filter paper activity (FPase) and 2.40 IU/mL of carboxymethylcellulose activity (CMCase). The “glucosamine” and “reducing sugar” parameters were observed to evaluate the growth and substrate utilization in the experiments. In the case of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium, the highest glucosamine concentration was 1.60 g/L and a high concentration of the release of reducing sugar was measured as 2.58 g/L obtained on the 4th day of fermentation. The pH values were also recorded. The range of the pH was about 5.15 to 5.56 in the case of Phanerochaete Chrysosporium.     

纤维素酶液体发酵工艺条件的响应面分析优化

借助于MINITAB软件,采用Plackett-Burman试验设计法及响应面法分析,对纤维素酶高产菌康氏木霉Trichoderma koningii P12进行了发酵工艺条件的优化研究。首先利用Plackett Burman试验设计筛选出影响产酶的三个主要因素,即装液量、稻草粉浓度和麦麸浓度。在此基础上用最陡爬坡路径逼近最大响应区域,再利用Box-Behnken试验设计及响应面分析法进行回归分析。结果表明,装液量和稻草粉浓度与纤维素酶活存在显著的相关性,通过求解回归方程得到优化发酵条件:当装液量56.5mL、稻草粉浓度37.4g/L和麦麸浓度11.3g/L时,纤维素酶产量达到63.32U/mL。经三批培养验证,预测值与验证试验平均值接近,在此优化条件下纤维素酶活提高了96.7%。     

木霉制剂对海州香薷生长和铜吸收的影响

将里氏木霉FS10-C用苜蓿粉发酵制成固体木霉制剂.采用温室盆栽试验,研究在外源铜浓度为0,100,200,400mg/kg的土壤上,施加木霉制剂对海州香薷生长和铜吸收的影响.结果表明:施加木霉制剂后,除400mg/kg外源铜浓度土壤上地上部干重外,海州香薷生物量在各外源铜浓度土壤上均呈增加趋势.施加木霉制剂的各外源铜浓度土壤NH4OAc提取态铜含量均显著高于空白组(P<0.05),且除100mg/kg外源铜土壤上地上部外,海州香薷铜积累量均呈增加趋势.其中地上部积累量在200和400mg/kg外源铜土壤上均差异显著(P<0.05),根积累量在100mg/kg外源铜土壤上差异显著(P<0.05),总积累量在100和400mg/kg外源铜土壤上均差异显著(P<0.05).可见,里氏木霉FS10-C制剂可通过促进植物生长和提高土壤铜的植物有效性而提高海州香薷对铜的吸收能力,是一种颇具研发潜力的生物修复剂.