The Impact of Agriculture On Dissolved Nitrogen and Phosphorus Cycling in Temperate Ecosystems

Although most research has focussed on inorganic nutrient forms of nitrate (NO^-₃) and phosphorus (PO³₄) in runoff and receiving waters, nitrogen loss from agricultural land can also occur in organic and ammonium-nitrogen form; phosphorus losses, although often dominated by particulate transport, may occur in soluble organic and inorganic form. Furthermore, fluxes between different species may take place during transport from the land to the stream and as a result of in-stream, in-river or in-lake transformations. Knowledge of the spatial and temporal variation in all nitrogen species and phosphorus fractions in a drainage basin is therefore essential if the wider environmental significance of elevated nutrient concentrations in natural waters are to be assessed. This paper reviews recent work on N and P losses from agricultural land and presents some results from two intensive agricultural catchments: Slapton, Devon and the river Windrush catchment in the Cotswolds.     

合成氨装置重点部位的安全管理及防范措施

对安庆分公司化肥厂合成氨装置 4年以来的运行及安全管理情况作了综述 . 对装置的重点 监督部位加强技术型管理 , 并实行了一系列行之有效的安全防范措施 , 使之达到了国内同类 型装置先进水平 .     

氨法脱硫在热电厂中应用

随着二氧化硫对环境的污染越来越严重，国家环保局对燃煤电厂二氧化硫排放进行严格控制，电厂加装脱硫装置是迟早的事。阐述了氨法脱硫的工艺流程和自动控制．同时结合工程调试中出现的问题进行分析，为今后的脱硫工程提供一些借鉴。     

氯碱工业三氯化氮控制技术研究

三氯化氮（NCl3）是液氯生产中的一种副产物,是生产和使用过程中能够引起爆炸危害的一种易爆物质.其安全监控与防治的重要,已被我国氯碱科技工作者认同而获得共识.尽管如此,我国氯碱工业生产中三氯化氮爆鸣、爆炸事故还在经常发生,安全隐患尚未得到彻底的解决,对生产设备造成了严重的破坏,并造成不同程度的人员伤亡和氯气泄漏事故,损失惨重,危害极大.因此就三氯化氮的性能、爆炸与危害,主要来源、预防措施与消除方法进行了较为详尽的阐述.     

南昌市环境空气质量分析和控制

利用多年的环境监测数据,分析南昌市环境空气中主要污染物尘类、二氧化硫和氮氧化物产生的原因,并提出有效控制上述污染物的具体措施。     

Modelling nitrogen fluxes at the landscape scale

The distribution and impacts of different nitrogen pollutants are inextricably linked. To understand the problem fully, the interactions between the different pollutants need to be taken into account. This is particularly important when it comes to abatement techniques, since measures to reduce emissions of one nitrogen pollutant can often lead to an increase in another. This project represents a step towards greater understanding of these issues by linking together new and existing nitrogen flux models into a larger framework. The modelling framework has been constructed and some of the nitrogen flows between fields, farms and the atmosphere have been modelled for a UK study area for typical farm management scenarios.     

Rapid amino acid cycling in arctic and antarctic soils

Amino acids constitute one of the largest inputs of organic nitrogen (N) to most polar soils and have been hypothesized to be important in regulating vegetational succession and productivity in Arctic ecosystems. Our understanding of amino acid cycling in these soils, however, is poor. The aim of this study was to investigate the size and rate of turnover of the amino acid pool in a range of Arctic and Antarctic soils. Our results indicate that in polar soils with either high or low ornithogenic inputs the amino acid pool is small in comparison to the inorganic N pool (NO^–₃ and NH⁺₄). The free amino acid pool constituted only a small proportion of the total dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) pool in these soils. Here we show that these low concentrations may be due to rapid use by the soil microbial community in both Arctic and Antarctic soils. The turnover of the amino acid pool in soil was extremely rapid, with a half-life ranging from 2 to 24 h, indicating that this N pool can be turned over many hundred times each summer when polar soils are frequently unfrozen. The implications of amino acids in N cycling and plant and microbial nutrition are discussed.     

介质筛护岸的水质净化功能与机理

以桂林桃花江介质筛护岸工程为依托,对介质筛护岸的水质净化功能进行了试验研究.结果表明,介质筛护岸两侧水位波动促进了生物地球化学反应的发生.介质筛护岸对COD、NH 4-N和TN的平均去除率分别为76.5%、95%和81%.介质层内的COD浓度逐层降低,在距离岸边2.5 m左右的沸石强化层中,其浓度接近5 mg·L-1;在介质筛的第5、6层内NH 4-N的浓度基本稳定在0.3 mg·L-1.沸石层对NH 4-N吸附的有效厚度为10 cm,能够满足水质净化的目的.     

大连市中心城区地下水“三氮”污染分析

依据《地下水质量标准》(GB/T 14848-1993),对大连市中心城区2006-2010年地下水"三氮"监测资料进行分析。结果表明,"三氮"的检出率(最高为100%)和超标率(最高为58.8%)都较高,其中亚硝酸盐氮超标显著。氨氮浓度各年均值均超标,呈波动变化;亚硝酸盐氮浓度各年均值均超标,并呈上升趋势;硝酸盐氮各年均值波动变化,总体呈上升趋势。除2009年以外,其他4年中丰水期的硝酸盐氮浓度都比枯水期高;除2007年外,其他4年中的丰水期氨氮浓度都比枯水期低。"三氮"最高浓度值主要出现在中心城区周边区域。     

Validation of an agricultural non-point source （AGNPS） pollution model for a catchment in the Jiulong River watershed, China

This study tested and evaluated the agricultural non-point source(AGNPS)model for the Wuchuan catchment, a typical agricultural area in the Jiulong River watershed, Fujian Province. China. The AGNPS model was calibrated and validated for the study area with observed data onten storms. Thedata on eight stormsin 2002 were used for calibration while data on two stormswere used for validation of the model. Considering the lack of water quality data over a long-term series, a novel method, comparing an internal nested catchment with its surrounding catchment, was used to supplement the less long-term series data. Dual calibration and validation of the AGNPS model was obtained by this comparison. The results indicate that the correlation coefficients were 0. 99 and 0. 98 for runoff, 0. 94 and 0. 95 forthe peak runoff rate of the large catchment and the small catchment, respectively, and 0. 76 forthe sediment of the small catchment only. Each pair of correlation coefficients is homogeneous for the same event for the two catchments. With the exception of the sediment yield and particulate phosphorus, the peak nmofr rate and other nutrients were well predicted. Sensitivity analysis showed that the Soil Conservation Service curve number and rainfall quantity were the most sensitive parameters, which resulted in high output variations. Erosivitv and other parameters had little influence on the hydrological and quality outputs.