Acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos to embryo and larvae of banded gourami Trichogaster fasciata

This study elucidated the acute toxicity of chlorpyrifos on the early life stages of banded gourami (Trichogaster fasciata). To determine the acute effects of chlorpyrifos on their survival and development, we exposedthe embryos and two-day-old larvae to six concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.10, 1.0, 10 and 100 µg L^?1) of chlorpyrifos in plastic bowls. Log-logistic regression was used to calculate LC10 and LC50 values. Results showed that embryo mortality significantly increased with increasing chlorpyrifos concentrations. The 24-h LC10 and LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of chlorpyrifos for embryos were 0.89 (0.50–1.58) and 11.8 (9.12–15.4) µg L^?1, respectively. Hatching success decreased and mortality of larvae significantly increased with increasing concentrations of chlorpyrifos. The 24-h LC10 and LC50 values (with 95% confidence limits) of chlorpyrifos for larvae were 0.53 (0.27–1.06) and 21.7 (15.9–29.4) µg L^?1, respectively; the 48-h LC10 and LC50 for larvae were 0.04 (0.02–0.09) and 5.47 (3.77–7.94) µg L^?1, respectively. The results of this study suggest that 1 µg L^?1 of chlorpyrifos in the aquatic environment may adversely affect the development and the reproduction of banded gourami. Our study also suggests that banded gourami fish can serve as an ideal model species for evaluating developmental toxicity of environmental contaminants.     

与前寒武纪含铁建造有关的铁矿床基本特征及研究进展

与前寒武纪含铁建造有关的铁矿床是最具经济价值的铁矿床类型,多形成于太古代和早元古代海底的环境。含铁建造结构多呈条带状,故被认为条带状含铁建造(BIF),粒状含铁建造(GIF)较为少见。条带状含铁建造是由各种富铁矿物组成的非均一组合,矿物包括含铁的氧化物、硅酸盐、碳酸盐和硫酸盐。而粒状含铁建造则主要由含铁的氧化物和硅酸盐组成,偶而富含含铁碳酸盐。根据结构及组成的不同,含铁建造可分为两类:阿尔戈马型(Algoma type)和苏必利尔型(Superior type),其中苏必利尔型含铁建造是最为重要的成矿母岩。以其为母岩形成的矿床可分为三类:未经富集的原生含铁建造矿床,假象赤铁矿-针铁矿矿床和高品位赤铁矿矿床,其中以高品位赤铁矿矿床最为重要,其形成与成岩作用、表生作用及深部流体的参与有关。我国在下一步工作中应加强对中高品位矿床成因的研究,并对国内已有类似矿床进行再认识,进而取得找矿突破。