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排序方式: 共有268条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
J. B. Harcum Jim C. Loftis Robert C. Ward 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1992,28(3):469-478
ABSTRACT: The use of nonparametric tests for monotonic trend has flourished in recent years to support routine water quality data analyses. The validity of an assumption of independent, identically distributed error terms is an important concern in selecting the appropriate nonparametric test, as is the presence of missing values. Decision rules are needed for choosing between alternative tests and for deciding whether and how to pre-process data before trend testing. Several data pre-processing procedures in conjunction with the Mann-Kendall tau and the Seasonal Kendall test (with and without serial correlation correction) are evaluated using synthetic time series with generated serial correlation and missing data. A composite test (pre-testing for serial correlation followed by one of two trend tests) is evaluated and was found to perform satisfactorily. 相似文献
2.
Joachim Ruther 《Chemoecology》2004,14(3-4):187-192
Summary. Field tests were performed to evaluate the
response of the garden chafer, Phyllopertha horticola
(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) to known scarab attractants and to
investigate the influence of trap colour and height on the
number of captured beetles. Both sexes were attracted by a
lure mixture composed of geraniol, eugenol, and 2-phenylethyl
propionate (PEP) (ratio 3:7:3). When testing floral volatiles
individually, only geraniol, eugenol and methyl anthranilate
but not PEP was attractive. Response of garden chafer to (Z)-
3-hexen-1-ol was strongly male-biassed. Both the response
to floral volatiles and (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol was increased by
using funnel traps with yellow instead of grey vanes. Traps
positioned at 50 and 125 cm above ground captured significantly
more garden chafers than those at 200 cm. The
strongly male-biassed response to (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol suggests
that in P. horticola (subfamily Rutelinae) orientation towards plant volatiles emitted upon mechanical damage of plants is
part of the male mate finding strategy as recently demonstrated
for cockchafers of the genus Melolontha (subfamily Melolonthinae). Possible application of plant volatiles for
control of P. horticola is discussed. 相似文献
3.
A. M. Cicero M. G. Finoia M. Gabellini E. Veschetti 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2000,64(3):607-616
The Italian guidelines concerning the dumping of dredgingmaterials implies chemical, physical and microbiologicalcharacterisation of dumping sediments collected through aspecific sampling strategy.POP's such as PCB's and organochlorine pesticides, areconsidered as priority pollutants in all the InternationalConventions for the protection of the marine environment, inconsequence of their persistence, toxicity and bioaccumulation capacity.In the present article the concentrations and distribution ofPCB's and organochlorine pesticides in dredging sediments ofPiombino harbour (northern Thyrrenian sea) were investigates.The results showed high POP's concentrations in all the studiedareas. The maximum values were: 3.94 mg kg-1 dry weight for PCB's(IUPAC Nos. 28; 52; 101, 118; 137; 153; 180; 209); 2.04 mg kg-1 d.w.for HCH's (-, -, - and -hexachlorocyclohexane isomers); 0.28 mg kg-1 d.w. for DD's (DDT + DDE + DDD).Subsequently, the data related to each pollutant were treatedwith statistical tests, in order to verify how well the samplingstrategy is able to represent the distribution of contaminantsin the dredging area. Finally, management strategies werederived for the studied dredging sediments. 相似文献
4.
A ten year summary of concurrent ambient water column and sediment toxicity tests in the Chesapeake Bay watershed: 1990-1999 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The goal of this study was to identify the relative toxicity ofambient areas in the Chesapeake Bay watershed by using a suiteof concurrent water column and sediment toxicity tests at seventy-five ambient stations in 20 Chesapeake Bay rivers from1990 through 1999. Spatial and temporal variability was examinedat selected locations throughout the 10 yr study. Inorganicand organic contaminants were evaluated in ambient water andsediment concurrently with water column and sediment tests toassess possible causes of toxicity although absolute causalitycan not be established. Multivariate statistical analysis wasused to develop a multiple endpoint toxicity index (TOX-INDEX) at each station for both water column and sediment toxicity data. Water column tests from the 10 yr testing period showed that49% of the time, some degree of toxicity was reported. The mosttoxic sites based on water column results were located inurbanized areas such as the Anacostia River, Elizabeth River andthe Middle River. Water quality criteria for copper, lead,mercury, nickel and zinc were exceeded at one or more of thesesites. Water column toxicity was also reported in localizedareas of the South and Chester Rivers. Both spatial and temporalvariability was reported from the suite of water column toxicitytests. Some degree of sediment toxicity was reported from 62% of the tests conducted during the ten year period. The ElizabethRiver and Baltimore Harbor stations were reported as the most toxic areas based on sediment results.Sediment toxicity guidelines were exceeded for one or more of thefollowing metals at these two locations: arsenic, cadmium,chromium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc. At the Elizabeth Riverstations nine of sixteen semi-volatile organics and two of sevenpesticides measured exceeded the ER-M values in 1990. Ambientsediment toxicity tests in the Elizabeth River in 1996 showedreduced toxicity. Various semi-volatile organics exceeded the ER-M values at a number of Baltimore Harbor sites; pyrene anddibenzo(a,h)anthracene were particularly high at one of thestations (Northwest Harbor). Localized sediment toxicity was alsoreported in the Chester, James, Magothy, Rappahannock, andPotomac Rivers but the link with contaminants was not determined.Both spatial and temporal variability was less for sedimenttoxicity data when compared with water column toxicity data. Acomparison of water column and sediment toxicity data for thevarious stations over the 10 yr study showed that approximatelyhalf the time agreement occurred (either both suite of testsshowed toxicity or neither suite of tests showed toxicity). 相似文献
5.
6.
低浓度渣油-水系乳化液的抑尘性能现场试验研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文介绍了作者用渣油-水系乳化液做路面抑尘剂在某矿露天坑3种不同类型路面进行的大规模工业性试验。现场测定结果表明:这种路面抑尘剂可以获得比较理想的防尘效果,长期使用该乳化液可取得显著的综合经济效益。 相似文献
7.
8.
挥发酚空白的质量控制应采取以下措施:实验用水应为无酚水、提纯4-氨基安替比林试剂、确定检测限及空白实验的质控图。 相似文献
9.
Jorge Mateu 《Environmental management》1997,21(5):767-777
2 and particle concentrations. Results show that the analyzed transformations work well and are very useful to achieve normal
distributions. 相似文献
10.
目的 解决Arrhenius模型无法估计湿度应力敏感产品和Peck模型试验时间较长的问题。方法 考虑温度应力和湿度应力对产品贮存寿命的综合影响,在产品激活能不变的假设下,将Arrhenius模型对产品激活能的估计和Peck模型对湿度应力参数的估计相结合,建立Arrhenius&Peck分段非线性加速寿命估计模型。基于此模型,在双应力恒加试验条件下,得到产品的寿命估计方程。结果 以弹上电子产品的恒定应力加速贮存试验为例,进行仿真分析,得到产品寿命的估计,并对比产品实际寿命。Arrhenius&Peck模型的寿命误差和失效率误差均控制在5%以内,准确度高于Arrhenius模型和Peck模型。结论 构建的Arrhenius&Peck分段非线性加速寿命模型可以充分利用温度和湿度条件下的试验数据,对温湿敏感产品的寿命估计有较好的应用效果,为导弹产品的寿命估计提供一种可选方法。 相似文献