Studies in the Biodegradation of 5 PAHs (Phenanthrene,Pyrene, Fluoranthene,Chrysene und Benzo(a)pyrene) in the Presence of Rooted Poplar Cuttings

Cuttings of Populus nigra L. cv. Loenen were cultivated in sand treated with one of the following PAHs: phenanthrene (Phen), fluoranthene (Flt), pyrene (Pyr), chrysene (Chr) and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). The PAHs were applied at varying levels of concentration to each test series. After 6 weeks the concentration and the distribution of the PAHs in the substrate of the various sets of tests were compared with the concentration in the substrate of the control. Additionally the substrate and the plant roots were tested for evidence of degradation products of PAHs. The results revealed that the levels of concentration of Phen and Pyr detected in the substrate surrounding the roots was in some cases significantly lower than in the corresponding section of substrate in the unplanted set (= control). This phenomenon did not occur for Flt and BaP and in the case of Chr only in those substrates, which had been treated with the highest levels of concentration. As the presence of lesser amounts of Phen and Pyr in the plant pots cannot only be attributed to their accumulation and metabolism in the roots, it is fair to assume that the chemical transformation of these three PAHs took place outside the roots. The set of tests treated with Phen revealed the presence of 2- or 3-hydroxy-Phen (main components), a hydroxy-methoxy-Phen, 9,10-Phenanthrenequinone and one unidentified compound in metabolite form. Altogether eleven metabolites of Pyr were identified in the root extracts, which can be divided into three groups: 1-Hydroxy-Pyr and derivatives, dihydroxy-Pyr and derivatives and ring fission products (4-Hydroxy-Pyr and a derivative of the 4-Phen-carbonic acid). However, the metabolite mass detected for Phen and Pyr represents only an insignificant percentage in comparison with the lesser amounts of PAHs observed in the planted set of tests. This indicates that the three PAHs were reduced to lower molecular compounds, which are methodically impossible to record, and subsequently translocated to other parts of the plant and integrated into the biomass. Although no lesser amount for Flt and BaP was found in the plant pots, 1-Hydroxy-Flt, an unidentified compound of Flt and 1-Methoxy-BaP were detected. These are presumably end products which were enhanced in the roots. It was not possible to identify any transformation products of Chr. It can be assumed that the majority of metabolites were not synthesised in the roots but are a result of microbial degradation in the rhizosphere. The test plants improved the conditions for the biotransformation of Phen and Pyr significantly and accumulated Flt, Pyr, Chr and BaP in their roots. It can therefore be concluded that the use of plants in the bioremediation of contaminated soils is a promising option.     

(艹屈)和5-甲基(艹屈)的ab initio计算

湾区非角环上的甲基取代能大大增加多环芳烃的致癌性,量子化学的从头计算(ab initio)指出,5-甲基(艹屈)C1-C2键的电子性质有利于在此健发生亲电反应,电子密度分布图说明5-甲基(艹屈)在C1—C2键周围的电子密度明显大于(艹屈)相应部分的电子密度,这也有利于亲电试剂的进攻,因而在代谢过程中,5-甲基(艹屈)容易在此位置发生亲电氧化形成环氧化物,进而形成终致癌剂,这就使5-甲基(艹屈)的致癌性比(艹屈)大大增强。     

外加碳源对木糖氧化无色杆菌降解(艹屈)的影响

采用本实验室自行筛选的(艹屈)高效降解菌(木糖氧化无色杆菌)降解多环芳烃(艹屈),考察了葡萄糖、维生素C、邻苯二甲酸、丙酮酸、α-酮戊二酸、表面活性剂吐温-80等外加碳源对降解效果的影响。结果表明,适量添加葡萄糖、维生素C、丙酮酸、α-酮戊二酸和吐温80对的生物降解均有显著的刺激作用,邻苯二甲酸对木糖氧化无色杆菌降解(艹屈)不具有促进作用。反应体系中加入5mg/L维生素C时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对(艹屈)降解效率为91%。分别加入10mg/L的丙酮酸和α-酮戊二酸时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对(艹屈)降解效率均在90%以上。当加入200mg/L的吐温80时,木糖氧化无色杆菌对(艹屈)降解效率达到96%。     

植物代谢对荧蒽和()与DNA结合的影响

利用紫外和荧光法测定了荧蒽和经绿豆幼苗代谢前后的光谱变化 .结果表明 ,经植物代谢后 ,荧蒽的紫外和荧光光谱的精细结构没有发生变化 ,而的紫外和荧光光谱的精细结构以及荧光的最大发射波长均发生了改变 利用荧光法测定荧蒽和经植物代谢前后与DNA结合的结果表明 ,在浓度约为 2 5× 1 0 - 6mol·l- 1时 ,荧蒽及其植物代谢提取物与浓度为 5 0× 1 0 - 7— 5 0× 1 0 - 5mol·l- 1范围内的DNA不发生结合 ,而及其植物代谢提取物都能与上述浓度的DNA结合 ,但经植物代谢后 ,提取物与DNA的结合能力稍有减弱 ,该结果表明 ,荧蒽和母体化合物与DNA的结合能力不同 ,在试验期内 ,植物代谢对这两种在动物体试验中表现不同致癌性的多环芳烃与DNA间的结合没有明显的活化或去活化作用 .     

多环芳烃蒽、屈在水体中的光解动力学模拟研究

研究了紫外光和太阳光下蒽、在甲醇一水溶液中的光分解反应结果表明,水中较低浓度葱、的光解表观上呈一级反应动力学规律,微观上是二级反应的加和蒽和的光解速率常数随着温度升高、光照距离减小及水中溶解氧增加而增大,但与水中急和宏的初始浓度无关黄浦江沉积物作为悬浮物加入后蒽和的光解效率下降对蒽和光解速率的比较分析表明,多环芳烃光解速率常数与受光解物质的结构特性有关     

Photochemistry of chrysene adsorbedon several types of particle

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Exposure of the Roots of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Populus nigra</Emphasis> L. cv. Loenen to PAHs and its Effect on growth and water balance

Poplar cuttings were cultivated for 4 weeks in a substrate, which consisted of a combination of sand and nutrient solution. The plants were treated for 24 days with BaP, Chr, Ant, Phen, P and Flt, single or in combination. The concentration of the PAHs ranged from 0.1-200 mg/kg substrate. The results of the pollution experiments can be summarized as follows: 1. The most significant deviations between the test groups and the control can be observed for transpiration, nutrient solution uptake, and root mass. 2. Although transpiration and nutrient solution uptake are significantly lower for all the treated groups than for the control group, the water content of the leaves was not affected by PAHs. 3. The biomass of the shoots and the growth in shoot length do not react as strongly to exposure to PAHs as transpiration, nutrient solution uptake and the volume of the roots. 4. The differences in leaf weight and leaf surface area are significantly less pronounced compared to the control groups. Growth inhibition is most evident with Flt. Growth and absorption of the nutrient solution dropped with just Flt 0.1 mg/kg substrate. When the substrate concentration was increased, growth and nutrient solution uptake dropped considerably and at a concentration of Flt 200, 5 of the 11 test plants died before the end of the period of exposure. Nutrient solution uptake and shoot development of the test plants decreased in the following order: BaP H approximately = Chr > Ant > Phen > Pyr > Flt.