乌鲁木齐不同功能区昼间臭氧浓度变化特征分析

为了研究乌鲁木齐市昼间的近地层大气臭氧浓度变化特征,利用靛蓝二磺酸钠分光光度法(IDS法)对乌鲁木齐市不同功能区在采暖期前期、采暖期与采暖期后期昼间的小时臭氧浓度进行监测,分析与温度、太阳辐射、相对湿度的相关性。结果表明:乌鲁木齐市不同功能区昼间的小时臭氧浓度变化具有明显的"单峰型"变化规律,从早上09:00开始,臭氧浓度明显上升,最高的小时臭氧浓度出现在午后,其中,交通区、工业区昼间的小时臭氧浓度较高。不同时间段臭氧总平均浓度依次为采暖期前期>采暖期后期>采暖期,不同时间段昼间的小时臭氧浓度变化与太阳辐射、温度呈显著的正相关性,与相对湿度呈显著的负相关性。     

典型华北农村地区冬季HONO的浓度水平及来源分析

气态亚硝酸(HONO)容易光解,是对流层大气羟基自由基(·OH)的重要来源之一,对区域二次污染的形成具有重要作用.我国在大气HONO观测研究方面主要集中在一些城市区域,而在我国北方农村区域的研究还鲜见报道.为此,本文利用亚硝酸在线分析仪(long path absorption photo meter,LOPAP)于2017年11月在中国科学院农村环境研究站(河北省望都县东白陀村)开展了为期一个月的HONO外场观测,并分析了HONO的浓度水平、变化特征及收支情况.大气HONO的浓度在观测期间呈现夜间高、白天低的日变化特征,夜间最高浓度(体积分数,下同)可达约3. 70×10-9,中午最低浓度也维持在0. 10×10-9以上,表明农村区域存在比较强的HONO来源.采暖前后CO浓度显著提高,而HONO浓度无显著变化,说明供暖燃烧对HONO的贡献较小;夜间机动车直接排放在污染天气和清洁天气条件下对HONO的贡献分别为23. 20%和31. 20%,说明在污染天气条件下存在着某些较强的HONO源;夜间·OH与NO的均相反应HONO平均生成速率可高达0. 40×10-9h-1,比NO2的非均相反应HONO生成速率(0. 24×10-9h-1)高0. 67倍,是HONO的主要来源; HONO在白天存在着很强的未知源,其强度可达1. 37×10-9h-1,对于HONO的贡献达到50%左右.     

Characteristic Study of Ambient Air Total Gaseous Mercury (TGM) Concentrations During Rainy and Non-Rainy Periods at a Traffic Site in Taiwan

This investigation studied the concentrations of ambient air total gaseous mercury (TGM) during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site in central Taiwan from May 26 to June 16, 2014. The results were compared with those of a previous study for ambient air TGM during non-rainy daytime and nighttime periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site, which was conducted during March 21 to July 20, 2012. The observed mean concentration of ambient air TGM was 1.16 ng/m³ during the rainy periods at the Hung-Kuang traffic sampling site. The mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in daytime than in the rainy sampling period from this study. The mean ratio of non-rainy sampling period in daytime to that of rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 3.15. Furthermore, the mean ambient air TGM concentrations were higher in the non-rainy sampling period in nighttime in than in the rainy sampling period for this study. The mean rations for non-rainy sampling period in nighttime to that of the rainy sampling period for ambient air TGM were 2.70. The results obtained in this study also revealed that the ambient air TGM concentrations during the rainy period had the lowest concentrations when compared with the other sampling sites in other world regions.     

南京北郊地区昼夜大气PM2.5中硫同位素的组成及来源

为研究南京地区昼夜大气PM_2.5中的硫同位素组成情况,采用Delta V Advantage同位素质谱仪技术对2016年3-4月南京北郊地区大气PM_2.5中昼夜δ34S（硫同位素值）进行分析,结合大气颗粒物化学组成,追溯昼夜大气PM_2.5及SO₄2-的来源.结果表明:南京北郊地区PM_2.5和SO₄2-的整体变化趋势一致,具有同源性.南京北郊地区白天大气PM_2.5的δ34S范围为4.23‰~7.16‰,平均值为5.45‰±0.91‰;晚上δ34S的范围为4.20‰~6.73‰,平均值为5.22‰±0.83‰.相较于晚上,白天δ34S略高主要与NO_x对SO₂的异相氧化反应和机动车尾气的排放有关.重霾天δ34S范围为4.20‰~7.16‰,平均值为5.39‰±0.87‰;清洁天δ34S范围为3.14‰~5.14‰,平均值为4.03‰±0.57‰.重霾天的硫源与燃煤、机动车尾气排放及NO_x对SO₂的异相氧化反应有关;而清洁天主要受到机动车尾气排放及SO₂与O₃均相氧化反应的影响.研究显示,南京北郊地区ρ（PM_2.5）昼大于夜,而ρ（SO₄2-）夜大于昼,重霾天大气PM_2.5的δ34S高于清洁天,这主要与NO_x、SO₂、O₃的相互转化有关.