应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查,辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进,本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间.依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据,分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征:高浓度值出现在交通区,季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节.     

应用被动扩散管监测分析葫芦岛市环境空气NO2时空分布特征

被动扩散技术以其低成本、操作简单、空间覆盖率较高等优点已在西方国家广泛应用于环境空气质量监测与调查，辽宁省环保局通过欧盟项目引进，本技术在葫芦岛市环境空气质量监测应用有4年时间。依据4年环境空气被动扩散管监测基础数据，分析了解葫芦岛市城区大气中NO2时空分布特征：高浓度值出现在交通区，季节上呈现春季明显低于其它季节。     

垃圾焚烧烟气中二恶英的形态及去除方法

本文对垃圾焚烧发电厂烟气中二恶英的形态、浓度分布及国内已投产并验收的企业的烟气排放数据进行了调查分析，并指出有效去除烟气中二恶英的措施有采用高效袋式除尘器和在袋式除尘器前喷加活性炭粉两种。     

垃圾焚烧烟气中二(噁)英零排放技术实践

介绍了绍兴新民热电有限公司用煤和垃圾混烧循环流化床技术处理城市生活垃圾，焚烧烟气经活性炭吸附、半干法和布袋除尘器净化工艺处理后，烟气中二噁英接近零排放。     

基于半分析模型的太湖春季水体漫衰减系数Kd(490)估算及其遥感反演

漫衰减系数是水体重要的光学参数,是水生态系统的重要影响因素.利用2009年4月和2010年5月太湖实测数据,基于光学闭合原理,首先求解出490 nm处水体总的吸收系数[a(490)]和后向散射系数[bb(490)],进而研究了其与模拟的环境一号卫星多光谱数据不同波段遥感反射率之间的关系,在此基础上构建了太湖春季水体Kd(490)反演的半分析模型并将其应用到环境一号卫星影像上进行了太湖春季水体Kd(490)的遥感反演.结果表明,①基于光学闭合原理,可以较为准确地求解出a(490)和bb(490),a(490)实测值与求解值的平均相对误差为17.1%,bb(490)与模拟的环境一号卫星第四波段的遥感反射率具有很好的指数关系;②本研究所构建的模型具有较好的精度和稳定性,利用与卫星影像准同步的地面采样点对模型进行验证,得出模型反演的平均相对误差为21.6%,均方根误差为1.68 m-1;③太湖春季水体Kd(490)具有较强的空间差异性,太湖北部和东太湖大部分区域为Kd(490)的低值区,太湖西部和南部为Kd(490)的高值区,而太湖中部大部分区域介于两者之间.     

生活垃圾焚烧处理技术发展分析

综述了国内外的城市生活垃圾焚烧处理概况,探讨了生活垃圾焚烧处理与环境的关系,介绍了生活垃圾焚烧处理工艺,并对我国生活垃圾焚烧处理技术现状进行了分析。     

垃圾焚烧中抑制二恶英二次生成的方法探讨

根据生活垃圾焚烧技术中二恶英的生成机理,余热锅炉的烟气在低温区急冷可以避免二恶英在低温区的再次合成,但目前在余热锅炉烟气低温区急冷是不可行的。提出一种从垃圾焚烧系统设计上进行烟气的急冷,从而抑制二恶英低温区二次生成的新方法。     

Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in breast milk of first-time Irish mothers: impact of the 2008 dioxin incident in Ireland

The 2008 dioxin incident in Ireland resulted in elevated concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Irish pork and pork products, due to the consumption of contaminated animal feed by pigs. In order to investigate any resulting impact on the Irish population, these contaminants were measured in pooled breast milk samples from 109 first-time mothers, collected in 2010. A comparison of the results with similar data from 2002 revealed generally lower concentrations of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs in the 2010 samples, confirming the declining trend reported by many authors. Contaminant concentration levels for both 2002 and 2010 were generally slightly lower than those reported internationally, with a mean combined PCDD/F and PCB WHO-TEQ of 9.66 pg g⁻¹ fat, for an overall pooled sample of milk from 2010. An apparent slight increase in PCDFs was observed between 2002 and 2010 (from 2.73 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹ fat to 3.21 pg WHO-TEQ g⁻¹ fat), with the main contributory congener being 2,3,4,7,8-PentaCDF. While it cannot be totally discounted that the slight increase in 2,3,4,7,8-PentaCDF and in the overall PCDF WHO-TEQ in breast milk could be attributable to consumption of Irish pork during the 2008 incident, we consider that it is more likely that this was due to other factors, including the predominantly urban/industrial sampling locations for the 2010 samples, compared to 2002.     

Effect of Aging on Brain Injury Prediction in Rotational Head Trauma—A Parameter Study with a Rat Finite Element Model

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the possible effects of age-related intracranial changes on the potential outcome of diffuse axonal injuries and acute subdural hematoma under rotational head loading.

Methods: A simulation-based parametric study was conducted using an updated and validated finite element model of a rat head. The validation included a comparison of predicted brain cortex sliding with respect to the skull. Further, model material properties were modified to account for aging; predicted tissue strains were compared with experimental data in which groups of rats in 2 different lifecycle stages, young adult and mature adult, were subjected to rotational trauma. For the parameter study, 2 age-dependent factors—brain volume and region-specific brain material properties—were implemented into the model. The models young adult and old age were subjected to several injurious and subinjurious sagittal plane rotational acceleration levels.

Results: Sequential analysis of the simulated trauma progression indicates that an increase in acute subdural hematoma injury risk indicator occurs at an early stage of the trauma, whereas an increase in diffuse axonal injury risk indicators occurs at a later stage. Tissue stiffening from young adult to mature adult rats produced an increase in strain-based thresholds accompanied by a wider spread of strain distribution toward the rear part of the brain, consistent with rotational trauma experiments with young adult and mature adult rats. Young adult to old age brain tissue softening and brain atrophy resulted in an increase in diffuse axonal injuries and acute subdural hematoma injury risk indicators, respectively.

Conclusions: The findings presented in this study suggest that age-specific injury thresholds should be developed to enable the development of superior restraint systems for the elderly. The findings also motivate other further studies on age-dependency of head trauma.     

国外二噁污染及有关标准

文章论述了二的化学成分及主要来源 ;二的毒性 ;日本、美国、德国等国二恶英污染状况及各国制定的标准