石油亚砜萃取巯基醋酸的研究

对石油亚砜(PSO)萃取巯基醋酸的条件和影响进行了实验研究,确定了石油亚砜通过氢键和巯基醋酸形成的萃合物的组成.为从废水中回收巯基醋酸以及石油硫醚的综合利用提供了依据.     

甲硫醚废气制取二甲基亚砜技术研究

选择双氧水作氧化剂，将具有恶臭气味的涕灭威生产的副产物甲硫醚氧化成无臭的二甲基亚砜。通过实验，优化了工艺条件，减少了安全隐患，提高了二甲基亚砜的产率，消除了恶臭污染。     

共代谢膜生物反应器法处理二甲基亚砜废水

采用蔗糖作为共代谢基质与一体式好氧膜生物反应器（MBR）工艺相结合处理二甲基亚砜（DMSO）废水。考察了装置的污泥驯化效果、DMSO去除率、污泥的性能、HRT和冲击负荷对DMSO去除率的影响。试验结果表明：驯化第29天,DMSO去除率达98.5%,表明MBR内的污泥已驯化成功;在MBR运行的正式期,当DMSO处于高负荷状态时,DMSO去除率较低;随蔗糖加入量的增加,DMSO去除率逐渐提高,最终恢复到DMSO高负荷冲击前的DMSO去除效果;正常运行时,装置进水ρ（DMSO）=257~1 448 mg/L（平均值为718 mg/L）、出水ρ（DMSO）=6~22 mg/L（平均值为7 mg/L）,DMSO去除率为96.4%~99.6%（平均值为98.9%）;在MBR运行的正式期,污泥体积指数小于100 mL/g,表明污泥的沉降性能较好,MLVSS/MLSS较高,表明污泥的活性高,MBR内MLSS的平均值为5.52 g/L,MLVSS的平均值为4.78 g/L;MBR适宜的HRT为12 h。     

SDBS及腐殖酸对涕灭威及其氧化产物水解的影响

 研究了腐殖酸(胡敏酸,HA和富里酸,FA)和表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对氨基甲酸酯农药涕灭威及其氧化产物涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解作用的影响.结果表明,SDBS可以促进涕灭威及其氧化产物的水解,随着SDBS的浓度由0增加为1200mg/L,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别增加了约8倍,7倍和6倍.腐殖酸可抑制涕灭威及其氧化产物的水解.在pH值为12的水溶液中,当FA的浓度由0增大到1000mg/L时,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别下降了83%,50%,68%;随着HA的浓度由0增大到1000mg/L时,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别下降了45%,56%,22%.研究结果对受农药污染土壤的修复有一定的指导意义.     

菌株scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷降解的研究

研究了有机磷农药降解菌株Arthrobacter sp.scl-2对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的降解特性,结果表明菌株scl-2可以利用苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷为唯一磷源生长.菌株scl-2降解苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷和丙溴磷的最适温度均为30℃,哒嗪硫磷的降解在初始pH8时速度最快,而丙溴磷和苯线磷的最适初始pH均为7,偏酸偏碱均不利于菌株对苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解.利用气相色谱-质谱联机鉴定了苯线磷、哒嗪硫磷、丙溴磷的降解产物,分别为3-甲基-4-甲硫基苯酚、6-羟基-2-苯基-2-氢哒嗪酮和4-溴-2-氯苯酚.     

Leaching of fenamiphos,fenamiphos sulfoxide and fenamiphos sulfone in soil columns

Abstract

Leaching of fenamiphos and its thiooxidation products, sulfoxide and sulfone, has been studied in two different soils in laboratory conditions. Fenamiphos was much less mobile than its derivatives. A large volume of water was necessary to leach completely the three chemicals. Fenamiphos required an amount of water twice as large as that required by either sulfoxide or sulfone. Mobility and leaching efficiency of the chemicals examined were highly dependent on the properties of the two soils considered.     

UV/H_2O_2/TiO_2联合水解酸化+MBR工艺处理亚砜废水

二甲基亚砜(DMSO)废水因其COD高、可生化性差的特性而较难处理。本实验以采用硫酸二甲酯法生产DMSO的某化工厂废水为研究对象,设计并建立了组合式光催化氧化装置联合水解酸化+MBR工艺的中试系统,探讨了组合式光催化氧化装置、氧化剂投加量、pH、反应时间和水力停留时间对系统处理效果的影响。结果表明,组合式光催化氧化装置可有效提高DMSO废水的可生化性。最优工艺参数为:按H2O2与原水COD质量浓度比为2∶1投加H2O2,在pH值为4、反应时间为6 h、水力停留时间为4 h的条件下,该系统对原水COD(5 000 mg/L)去除率大于98%,出水COD达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978-1996)一级要求。     

自组装纳米ZnO光催化二甲基亚砜废水实验研究

可生化性很差的二甲基亚砜废水严重危害了环境和人们的健康,目前寻求一种高效降解该种废水的材料尤为重要。利用自组装技术制备纳米ZnO材料是近年来研究的热点。实验由此入手,以NH2/SiO2为基底,采用分子自组装法在常温下制备出了ZnO/NH2/SiO2光催化材料,并利用此材料与传统sol-gel法制备的纳米ZnO材料在紫外灯照及有无通入空气条件下,对二甲基亚砜废水的降解效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,未通入空气条件下,自组装法制备的ZnO和sol-gel法制备的ZnO对废水的降解率分别为63.8%和34.7%;通入空气条件下,自组装法制备的ZnO和sol-gel法制备的ZnO对废水的降解率分别为70.9%和57.9%。结果表明,自组装技术制备的纳米ZnO在通入空气条件下降解难生化的二甲基亚砜废水效果是最好的。     

涕灭威及其有毒代谢产物对DNA潜在损伤研究

采用生物遗传监测系统,研究了涕灭威及其两个有毒代谢产物(涕灭威亚砜,涕灭威砜)对蚕豆及大蒜根尖细胞微核率的影响,以及对小牛胸腺DNA的加合作用．结果表明,两种植物根尖细胞微核试验测得的高浓度剂量诱导的微核率与对照组相比有显著性差异(p<0．05),说明涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜及涕灭威砜可能对蚕豆及大蒜根尖细胞有致突变性．并且配对资料差异的显著性检验表明,蚕豆根尖微核试验的敏感性明显高于大蒜根尖微核试验的敏感性．涕灭威及其两个有毒代谢产物与小牛胸腺DNA结合引起吸收光谱波峰的移位,而且存在着剂量关系,说明涕灭威、涕灭威亚砜及涕灭威砜可能对小牛胸腺DNA造成加合作用．     

The effect of multiple soil applications of disulfoton on enhanced microbial degradation in soil and subsequent uptake of insecticidal chemicals by potato plants

Abstract

Potatoes were grown during 1992 in 2 m² plots of loam which had received 1, 2 or 3 annual treatments of Di‐Syston 15G, equivalent to 3.36 kg AI/ha, in furrow at planting. The presence of enhanced degradative activity to the sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites of disulfoton in the soil treated in the previous two years was confirmed by laboratory tests prior to the 1992 treatments. Soil, seed potato and foliage from the three treatments were analyzed for disulfoton and its sulfoxide and sulfone metabolites for 12 wk following planting/treatment. Disulfoton was the major insecticidal component of the soil, a minor component of the seed piece and was not detected (<0.02 ppm) in potato foliage. Disulfoton concentrations in each of the three substrates sampled were similar for the three treatments. Disulfoton sulfoxide and sulfone were the major insecticidal components of the seed piece and foliage. Their maximum concentrations in 1st year soil, seed pieces and foliage were ca. 2x, 2x and 6x, respectively, those measured in the 2nd and 3rd year treatments. The results demonstrate that enhanced microbial degradation of relatively minor insecticidal compounds in the soil can profoundly affect insecticide levels in the plant when these compounds are the major insecticidal components accumulated. The broader implications for crop protection using soil‐applied systemic insecticides are discussed.