机载战术导弹挂飞环境地面振动试验方案研究

研究总结了某型机载战术导弹服役过程中所经受的振动激励主要来源,同时研究分析不同激励方式对战术导弹吊耳载荷响应效果的影响,确定该型机载战术导弹振动载荷加载方案。采用理论计算与有限元建模计算分析的方法,分析比较不同激励方式对导弹吊耳载荷响应效果的影响。总结确定了该型机载战术导弹振动载荷的主要来源,通过理论算例和有限元建模计算的方法分别计算了不同激励方式下导弹吊耳的载荷响应,并最终确定了振动载荷加载激励方式。     

Origin of raised maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein levels in second-trimester oligohydramnios

Concanavalin A (Con A) subtyping of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) revealed higher concentrations of AFP non-reactive with Con A in sera of 12 pregnant women with second-trimester oligohydramnios and raised total serum AFP levels than in sera of 42 pregnant women with raised total serum AFP levels and a normal amniotic fluid volume. This suggests that in oligohydramnios the origin of excess AFP in the maternal compartment is amniotic fluid. It is proposed that oligohydramnios and the associated raised maternal serum AFP levels are caused by damage of the fetal membranes prior to 16 weeks of gestation resulting in leakage of amniotic fluid to the decidual tissue and resorption in the maternal circulation.     

Green energy generation by pressure retarded osmosis: State of the art and technical advancement—review

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a method for converting salinity gradients to power by allowing water to flow through a semi-permeable membrane against an applied hydraulic pressure. PRO already has a long history, starting from the middle of the last century, and has rapidly improved in recent years. In this paper, we present a historical development of PRO since its inception: the development of this renewable energy process has gone through several stages, depending on technological developments, worldwide energy demands, and environmental concerns. The technological progress of the process is also studied, as well as its cost viability and environmental impact. Finally, some ideas to further develop the PRO process and mitigate its detrimental effects are discussed.     

Electrochemical study of the fungicide acibenzolar-s-methyl and its voltammetric determination in environmental samples

The electrochemical behavior of new generation fungicide acibenzolar-s-methyl (S-methyl 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate, ASM) on the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) was investigated using square wave adsorptive stripping voltammetry. This method of determination is based on the irreversible reduction of ASM at the HMDE. The well-defined ASM peak was observed at ?0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in BR buffer at pH 2.2. The reduction peak current was proportional to concentration of ASM from 1.0 × 10^?8 to 6.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1 with detection and quantification limit 3.0 × 10^?9 and 1.0 × 10^?8 mol L^?1, respectively. The applicability of the developed method for analysis of spiked samples of tap water, river water, and soil is illustrated. The effect of adsorption on the mercury electrode was studied in detail using the AC impedance method. Possible interferences with other common pesticides and heavy metal ions were examined. Clarification of the electrode mechanism was made using cyclic voltammetry (CV) technique.     

Uptake of cadmium into cells in culture∗

Cadmium has been recognized as pollutant of the environment for many years and numerous studies on its toxic effects have been carried out. Little, however, is known about its metabolic behaviour e.g. why the metal is accumulated so extremely rapidly into the organs of men and animals. Since the study of the individual metabolic steps is very difficult in vivo cell cultures may be used to obtain first indications of what happens in the whole animal.

We used CHO cells in monolayer culture to study the conditions under which the uptake of cadmium occurs. From serumfree medium the metal is accumulated rapidly in the cells. The uptake is inhibited very strongly by the presence of serum or albumin. Accumulation occurs against a concentration gradient and is dependent on the incubation temperature. Below 10°C no cadmium uptake is seen. Several substances which are known to affect cell metabolism have been used to influence cadmium accumulation. Neither inhibitors of energy production nor microtubule or microfilament disruptors showed any substantial effect. In contrast SH‐group blocking agents markedly reduced cadmium uptake.

The results show that cadmium uptake does not occur by passive diffusion but by some active mechanism.     

Ion exchange membrane-assisted electro-activation of aqueous solutions: Effect of the operating parameters on solutions properties and system electric resistance

The properties of electro-activated (EA) aqueous solutions as well as the dynamics of their changes were considered in the current study using aqueous solutions of NaCl and NaHCO₃. The concentrations of the salt solutions were 0.5, 0.25, 0.125 and 0.05 M. The tests were performed at the DC current densities of 25, 37.5, and 50 Å/m². The electro-activation reactor consisted of three individual cells assembled together and separated by anion-exchange (AEM) and cation-exchange (CEM) membranes. During the experiments, four configurations of the membrane placements and solutions concentrations were studied. The obtained results showed the dynamics of the electro-activation process that allows obtaining electro-activated solutions with targeted properties such as pH and oxydo-reduction potential (ORP). It was possible to obtain electro-activated solutions at the anodic side (acid anolyte) with pH of 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0 and ORP of +1100 ± 15 mV when NaCl solution was used as electrolyte. Furthermore, several types of electro-activated solutions with high redox potential (ORP = +921 ± 12 mV) and neutral pH (6.48 ± 0.05) were obtained on the anode side when sodium carbonate was used. At the same time, two types of solutions, one with acid pH (2.14 ± 0.14) and the other one with alkaline pH (10.46 ± 0.03) with ORP = +689 ± 10 and 110 ± 21 mV, respectively, were obtained in the central compartment which considered as electro-activated solutions obtained by means of noncontact electro-activation.     

生物滴滤塔处理制革恶臭气体微生物特性研究

在生物滴滤塔处理制革恶臭气体中,采用SBR法对活性污泥进行驯化,考查生物滴滤塔处理制革恶臭气体中微生物的特性。研究了微生物对氨氮和硫化物的去除效率以及驯化过程中污泥容积指数(SVI)的变化,并对挂膜后填料表面的微生物相进行扫描电镜观察。结果表明:经过19 d的驯化,微生物对氨氮和硫化物的去除率分别可以达到98.29%和94.16%,驯化期间污泥容积指数均保持在正常的范围之中。挂膜14 d的扫描电镜显示,填料表面有均匀的生物膜分布,说明微生物在填料上已经挂膜成功,驯化的微生物可以达到去除制革恶臭气体的要求。     

软质岩边坡挂网植草绿化防护技术研究

挂网植草解决了红砂岩、紫砂岩等软质岩石坡面因没有土层而不能绿化的难题。在经平整的软质岩石边坡上,铺粘10～15cm厚的泥浆层,满植规格为40×40cm狗牙根(Cynodon dactylon)、假俭草(Eremochloa ophiuroides)、结缕草(Zoysia japonica)等具有匍匐枝茎、耐瘠薄土壤、有良好的水土保持力等特性的草皮,草层上盖2.5×30m高强度的专用塑料网,用钢钉和竹签加以固定,造价为28～30元/m~2,是混凝土喷射、窗式护面墙等其它防护方法成本的1/3～1/5。在京珠、潭邵等高速上推广了近400 000 m~2,能在最短的时间内恢复植被,形成优美的景观,又能发挥较好的生态防护作用。该技术材料来源广、工艺操作易、实用性强,可广泛应用于公路、铁路、水库、堤坡等软质岩石地段的景观绿化与生态防护。     

Explicit and implicit coupling during solute transport through clay membrane barriers

Simulations of salt (KCl) flux through a 1-m-thick clay membrane barrier (CMB) based on coupled solute transport theory are compared to simulated fluxes based on traditional advective-dispersive transport theory. The simulations are based on measured values for the effective salt-diffusion coefficient (Ds*) and chemico-osmotic efficiency coefficient (omega) for a bentonite-based barrier material subjected to KCl solutions. The results indicate that the exit salt flux is reduced due to both explicit coupling (hyperfiltration and chemico-osmotic counter-advection) and an implicit coupling effect resulting from the decrease in Ds* due to a decrease in the apparent tortuosity factor, tau a, with an increase in omega. Implicit coupling is shown to be more significant than explicit coupling for reducing and retarding salt flux through a CMB under diffusion-dominated conditions. Failure to account for the implicit coupling effect may result in unrealistic results, such as the existence of salt flux through a perfect (ideal) clay membrane (i.e., omega=1).     

GO-TiO2改性中空纤维膜的制备条件及抗污染性能研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)与纳米二氧化钛(TiO_2)为改性剂,采用界面聚合法与抽滤吸附结合,对聚偏氟乙烯中空纤维超滤膜(简称原膜)进行表面改性,得到新型纳米改性膜(简称GO-TiO_2改性膜).研究改性膜的制备工艺条件及其对腐殖酸(HA)的吸附截留性能与抗污染特性.结果表明:(1)最佳制备工艺条件为:钛酸丁酯2 m L、GO 1 mg、间苯二胺1%(质量分数)、间苯二胺浸泡时间8 min、均苯三甲酰氯0.2%(质量分数)、均苯三甲酰氯浸泡时间10 min;(2)亲水性提高显著,亲水性表面为GO-聚酰胺-TiO_2复合结构,改性膜接触角由80.6°±1.8°下降到38.6°±1.2°;(3)抗污染性能提高明显.改性膜通量总衰减率由改性前的51.2%下降到35.6%,过滤周期约为原膜的2.5倍;反冲洗后膜通量恢复率由69%提高到96%.