低剂量微囊藻毒素亚急性肝毒性及其机理

为了研究低剂量微囊藻毒素 (MC)的亚急性肝毒性及其作用机理 ,将SD大鼠随机分为 4组 ,每组雌雄各 1 0只 ,分别经腹腔注射MC 0 ,4,8,1 2 μg·(kg·d) - 1,3 5天后观察各组大鼠血清酶学和肝脏病理学变化 .用原位末端标记法 (TUNEL)观察肝细胞凋亡 ,并用ABC免疫组化技术检测肝脏增殖细胞核抗原 (PCNA) .结果表明染毒组大鼠血清γ 谷氨酰转移酶 (GGT)活力和全血谷胱甘肽 (GSH)浓度下降 ,血清乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)和谷草转氨酶(AST)升高 ,谷丙转氨酶 (ALT)未见显著变化 .染毒组大鼠肝脏出现特征性的形态学变化 ,并有活跃的肝细胞凋亡和增生并存的现象 .说明微囊藻毒素引起的氧化损伤和肝细胞凋亡可能是其致肝脏毒性的原因     

双道HG-AFS同时测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As

应用氢化物原子荧光法,测定鲤鱼肝脏中痕量Hg和As,该法具有原子吸收和原子发射光谱两种技术优势,同时它具有分析灵敏度高,干扰少,线性范围宽,可多元素同时测定等优点;在KBH4-酸还原体系中同时测定鱼肝中Hg和As,方法检出限分别为Hg:0.33ng/ml和As0.36ng/ml,线性范围分别为:0.1-2.0ng/ml和1.0-20.0ng/ml。加标回收率分别为Hg:96.0%和As:100.6%。分析结果可靠,方法令人满意,并适合大批量样品的分析。     

林丹短期暴露下的斑马鱼(Brachydanio rerio)组织学变化

以斑马鱼(Brachydaniorerio)为受试生物,初步探讨了林丹对斑马鱼的急性毒性以及不同浓度(0.01μg·L-1、1.0μg·L-1、100.0μg·L-1)的林丹暴露36d后对斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构变化的影响.结果表明,林丹对斑马鱼96h-LC50为97.98μg·L-1,95%可信限为94.38￣101.72μg·L-1.当林丹浓度为0.01μg·L-1时,斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构未发生明显变化,而暴露在1.0μg·L-1和100.0μg·L-1林丹溶液中的斑马鱼的鳃和肝组织结构变化显著.斑马鱼鳃组织变化为:上皮细胞残损、脱落,鳃小片上皮细胞水肿,柱细胞变形.斑马鱼肝组织变化为:部分肝细胞肿大,细胞核萎缩变形或偏离细胞中心,胞质疏松,空泡明显增加,细胞质中可见脂沉积.与1.0μg·L-1林丹暴露相比,暴露在100μg·L-1林丹溶液中的斑马鱼鳃和肝组织结构受到的损害更为严重.     

Effect of prochloraz fungicide on biotransformation enzymes and oxidative stress parameters in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus L.)

The aim of this study was to characterize biomarker responses in three-spined sticklebacks exposed to prochloraz (Pcz). For this purpose, adult sticklebacks were exposed for 2 weeks to prochloraz at 0, 10, 50, 100 and 500 μg/L prior to one week of depuration in clean water. At days 7, 14 and 21, several hepatic biomarkers were measured including 7-ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase (EROD), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), total glutathione (GSH) content and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). Pcz induced a transient increase of antioxidant enzymes and a depletion of glutathione content during the first 7 days of exposure. This study showed that EROD activity and antioxidants were disrupted in a transient manner. GST was rapidly induced in a dose-dependent manner and this induction was persistent and observed also after depuration. GST appeared as a valuable biomarker to assess the exposure to Pcz.     

Thiram‐induced toxic liver injury in male sprague‐dawley rats

Abstract

A single i.p. dose (120 mg/kg) of thiram given to male Sprague‐Dawley rats caused a significant increase in the activity of SGOT and SGPT 24 hr post‐treatment indicating liver damage. A considerable diminution in the serum cholinesterase activity was also noted in the treated rats as against the control animals. Additional evidence for thiram‐induced liver toxicity is provided by the observation that there was approximately 50% inhibition of the activity of hepatic microsomal benzphetamine N‐demethylase with a concomitant decrease in the concentration of cytochrome P‐450, an important component of the mixed‐function oxidase system. Although not significant, hepatic glutathione levels were also depleted by thiram, probably making the liver susceptible to toxic injury.     

DIFFERENTIAL ACCUMULATION OF SELENIUM AMONG AXIAL MUSCLE,REPRODUCTIVE AND LIVER TISSUES OF FOUR WARMWATER FISH SPECIES1

Bluegill (Lepotmis macrochirus), largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), white catfish (Ictalurus catus), and channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus), collected from an electric power plant cooling reservoir and a municipal water supply reservoir near Roxboro, North Carolina, were analyzed for selenium concentrations in axial muscle, reproductive and liver tissues. Fishes from the municipal water reservoir had lower selenium concentrations (≤0.2-2.1 μg/g - wet weight) than found in the cooling reservoir fishes (1.6-70.0 μg/g - wet weight) but similar distributions of concentrations among the tissues was evident. Selenium was differentially accumulated, with higher concentrations in liver tissues (0.7-70.0 μg/g - wet weight), followed by female reproductive tissues (0.7-25.0 μg/g - wet weight), axial muscle tissues (≤0.2-23.0 μg/g - wet weight) and male reproductive tissues (0.2-7.2 μg/g - wet weight).     

日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼抗氧化、脂质过氧化及肝脏组织结构的影响

吉富罗非鱼是我国南方沿海地区水产养殖中的主要经济鱼类之一,但近年来,随着我国城镇化和工业化进程的推进,罗非鱼养殖面临着前所未有的铜富集的挑战。为探明日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼抗氧化系统和肝脏组织结构的影响,将1 080条罗非鱼幼鱼暴露于6个浓度梯度(0、3、30、300、1 000、3 000 mg·kg-1)的高铜日粮中,通过60 d的暴露试验,实时测定罗非鱼血清与肝脏抗氧化能力,监测肝脏病理变化。结果表明,在本试验条件下,罗非鱼幼鱼血清和肝脏中MDA的含量随日粮中铜含量的增加和胁迫时间的延长显著升高,而SOD、GSH-PX和Cu Zn-SOD的活性表现出先升高后降低的趋势;各组间肝脏表现出不同程度的病变,主要是浊肿变性和脂肪变性,且第Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ组肝脏病变严重。综上,日粮中铜胁迫对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼的抗氧化机能有较明显的抑制作用,长时间的暴露能严重损伤其肝脏的组织结构,因此,建议吉富罗非鱼幼鱼日粮中铜的实际含量应控制在42.36 mg·kg-1以下。