稀有鮈鲫外周血红细胞微核试验方法研究

将稀有鮈鲫(Gobiocypris rarus)半静态暴露于重铬酸钾溶液中,研究发现稀有鮈鲫的本底微核率处于较低的水平,重铬酸钾在不同浓度和时间暴露后能明显观察到外周血红细胞微核增加。在一定条件下存在剂量-效应关系和时间-效应关系,表明稀有鮈鲫可用于鱼类外周血红细胞微核试验。试验中每尾鱼观察15000个细胞,能有效地减小试验偏差,保证试验结果的可靠性。暴露浓度大于等于0.01mg/L时,染毒组与空白组的外周血红细胞微核率有显著性差异,其微核率随染毒时间的延长呈先升高后下降的趋势,均在24h时出现所有测定时间微核率的峰值。与其他鱼类比较显示,稀有鮈鲫具有较高的敏感性,可用于遗传毒物诱发微核的监测。     

应用蚕豆根尖微核技术检测淮河水质的研究

本文报道利用蚕豆很尖激核技术研究淮河水的污染情况及致灾变性。结果表明，多数月份该水能诱导蚕豆很尖做校率的明显增高，对综合评价水质提供生物学指标。     

用CBMN法评价4-氯酚与富里酸对CHO细胞的毒性效应

用ＣＨＯ细胞和ＣＢＭ法对４－ＣＰ（４－氯）及春ＦＡ协同作用的细胞毒性效应进行了评价,选用的细胞学毒性参数为总微核率（ＭＮ）、含微核的双核细胞率（ＢＮＭＮ）、核分鲜明指数（ＮＯＩ）和南分裂阻断增殖指数（ＣＢＰＩ）,结果表明：ＦＡ单独处理与阴性对照组比较不引起显著性差异;４－Ｃ客ＦＡ联合处理与４－ＣＰ各浓度分别处理相比有显著性的差异;对于ＢＮＭＮ和ＮＤＩ,Ｐ〈０．０１;对于ＭＮ和ＣＢＰＩ,Ｐ〈０．０５     

除草剂诱发蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的研究

研究了10种常用稻田除草剂对中华大蟾蜍（Bufobufogargarizans）蝌蚪红细胞微核的诱突变效应。蝌蚪在各除草剂试验液中染毒7d,采心脏血制片。结果表明,毒草胺、杀草丹等8种除草剂能诱发蝌蚪红细胞的微核细胞率显著增高,最高达11.5‰（毒草胺、0.5mg/L）,与对照组（4.2‰）比较,差异极显著（P＜0.01）,其中酰胺类,氨基甲酸酯类诱突变效应最强,其0.8mg/L浓度组平均微核细胞率分别为8.2‰和6.5‰。研究中还发现,在一定范围内微核细胞率与除草剂浓度呈正相关,使用浓度下杀草丹等6种除草剂具有明显诱突变效应。     

离子液体[C16mim]Cl对泥鳅的毒性效应

以泥鳅为受试动物,采用急性毒性、微核试验及酶活分析实验,研究了离子液体[C16mim]Cl对水生生物的生物毒性作用。急性实验表明:[C16mim]Cl对泥鳅有明显的毒性,其对泥鳅24、48和96h的LC50分别为2.533、1.763和1.379mg.L-1;微核实验表明:对照组红细胞微核率为0.5‰左右,而处理组红细胞微核率最高达到12.89‰,且各处理组均明显高于对照组(P<0.05);酶活分析实验表明:处理组血清的GPT和GOT活力均明显高于对照组,且随[C16mim]Cl浓度增高而呈现上升趋势。从以上结果可以得出:[C16mim]Cl对泥鳅具有显著的遗传毒性和生理毒性效应,因而推测其大量使用可能对水生生物及生态环境具有一定的毒害作用。     

三价钇对紫露草的遗传毒性研究

用紫露草四分体微核试验法和紫露草雄蕊毛细胞突变法研究了稀土元素三价钇的遗传毒性．结果表明：Y3＋能引起紫露草四分体微核率显著升高，提示Y3＋是诱变剂或纺锤丝毒剂；Y3＋能引起雄蕊毛细胞突变率显著升高，进一步明确Y3＋是诱变剂．     

阿特拉津对弹琴蛙(Rana adenopleura)蝌蚪微核和核异常的影响

分别在d1、d3、d7、d14,观察空白对照(CK-)、水溶助剂0.1mL/L二甲基亚砜对照(CK )、阿特拉津0.01mg/L(ρ1)、0.1mg/L(ρ2)、1mg/L(ρ3)和10mg/L(ρ4)溶液中弹琴蛙(Ranaadenopleura)蝌蚪血红细胞微核和核异常细胞数.结果表明,d14时,ρ1、ρ2、ρ3和ρ4组蝌蚪的微核率分别是CK-的2.25、2.50、4.25、5.11倍(P<0.05),说明阿特拉津可引起蝌蚪血红细胞微核率升高;且与d1、d3、d7相比较,微核率随着时间的延长有升高的趋势.d14时,ρ2、ρ3和ρ4组蝌蚪的总核异常率(含微核率)分别是CK-的2.59、2.17、1.96倍(P<0.05),说明阿特拉津也可引起蝌蚪血红细胞总核异常率升高.图2表1参17     

Cytogenotoxicity and histopathological assessment of Lekki Lagoon and Ogun River in Synodontis clarias (Linnaeus, 1758)

The cytogenotoxicity and histopathological alterations induced by xenobiotics in Lekki Lagoon and Ogun River on Synodontis clarias were investigated. Fish from these water bodies and a fish farm (control) were examined for micronucleated, binucleated, and immature erythrocytes in both gill and peripheral blood. Also gill, liver, kidney, and ovary were processed for histopathology using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Concentrations of cadmium, zinc, lead and copper in the water were determined. There was significant (p < 0.05) increase in micronucleated, binucleated, and immature erythrocytes in both gill and peripheral blood of S. clarias from the lagoon and river compared to the reference site. Loss and disorganization of the primary and secondary lamellae, multifocal degeneration, hemorrhages, cellular infiltration, congestions, vacuolations, atresia, and necrosis were common lesions in the examined tissues of fish from the lagoon and river. Cd, Zn, Pb, and Cu in water samples from the lagoon and river were higher than the reference site. Xenobiotics in Lekki Lagoon and Ogun River, mostly metals, induced deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and pathological damage in S. clarias.     

Toxicological characterization of the landfill leachate prior/after chemical and electrochemical treatment: A study on human and plant cells

In this research, toxicological safety of two newly developed methods for the treatment of landfill leachate from the Piškornica (Croatia) sanitary landfill was investigated. Chemical treatment procedure combined chemical precipitation with CaO followed by coagulation with ferric chloride and final adsorption by clinoptilolite. Electrochemical treatment approach included pretreatment with ozone followed by electrooxidation/electrocoagulation and final polishing by microwave irradiation. Cell viability of untreated/treated landfill leachate was examined using fluorescence microscopy. Cytotoxic effect of the original leachate was obtained for both exposure periods (4 and 24 h) while treated samples showed no cytotoxic effect even after prolonged exposure time. The potential DNA damage of the untreated/treated landfill leachate was evaluated by the comet assay and cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay using either human or plant cells. The original leachate exhibited significantly higher comet assay parameters compared to negative control after 24 h exposure. On the contrary, there was no significant difference between negative control and chemically/electrochemically treated leachate for any of the parameters tested. There was also no significant increase in either CBMN assay parameter compared to the negative control following the exposure of the lymphocytes to the chemically or electrochemically treated landfill leachate for both exposure periods while the original sample showed significantly higher number of micronuclei, nucleoplasmic bridges and nuclear buds for both exposure times. Results suggest that both methods are suitable for the treatment of such complex waste effluent due to high removal efficiency of all measured parameters and toxicological safety of the treated effluent.     

Chemopreventive effects of ellagic acid against genotoxicity induced by benzo(a)pyrene

Benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) is a commonly used indicator for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) contamination. The use of certain phytochemicals and some polyphenolic compounds proved to be effective in blocking PAH-induced effects. The aim of the present study was to examine the possible inhibitory effects of ellagic acid (EA), present in berries and nuts, against B(a)P-mediated toxicity using in vitro and in vivo test systems. In vitro method included the Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium tester strain TA100. In vivo experiments were based on mouse bone marrow micronucleus (MN) assay and immunoblotting. EA produced a decrease in the number of revertant colonies against B(a)P in the Ames assay. Further, there was a reduction in the mean number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the presence of EA in the co-treatment protocol of the MN test. Western blotting results showed downregulation of CYP450 isoform CYP1A1 which prevented bioactivation of B(a)P. Thus, the present study demonstrates antimutagenic role played by EA against the mutagenic activity of B(a)P in both in vitro and in vivo systems.