Acute toxicity and ecotoxicological risk assessment of rice pesticides to Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles

The objective of this study was to determine the acute toxicity of some pesticides used in irrigated rice farming to Lithobates catesbeianus tadpoles. The LC_50-96h for commercial formulations containing bentazon, penoxsulam, vegetable oil, permethrin and carbofuran, separately and their mixtures, were determined at the proportions commonly used in the field. The limits of risk concentrations of these products for the studied species were also established. The LC_50-96h for tadpoles was 4,530 mg L^?1 for bentazon; 7.52 mg L^?1 for penoxsulam + 145.66 mg L^?1 of vegetable oil; 81.57 mg L^?1 for vegetable oil; 0.10 mg L^?1 for permethrin; 29.90 mg L^?1 for carbofuran (active ingredients), and 38.79 times the dose used in the field for the mixture of these products. The environmental risk was determined only for permethrin, and care should be taken when using the vegetable oil.     

五氟磺草胺的光解特性研究

通过室内模拟的试验方法研究了五氟磺草胺在高压汞灯下的光解特性。五氟磺草胺在pH5、7、9的缓冲溶液中光解半衰期分别为23 min、20.6 min、18.7 min,随着pH的升高光解速率加快。在五氟磺草胺浓度为1 mg/kg、2 mg/kg、5 mg/kg的水溶液中半衰期分别为14.2 min、17.5 min、22.1 min,光解速率随着浓度的升高而减慢。在1 g/L、2 g/L的腐殖酸溶液中五氟磺草胺的半衰期分别为6.6 min、4.6 min,其光解速度是水中的4～5倍。五氟磺草胺在0.1 g/L的UV531溶液中半衰期为27.8 min,在0.2 g/L的溶液中半衰期为35.8 min,半衰期比在水溶液中延长60%。