碳酸钙改性硅藻土处理电解锌漂洗废水实验研究

铅锌矿在我国储存量大,电解法生产锌过程中可产生含Zn~(2+)、Pb~(2+)、Cd~(2+)、As5+和Cu~(2+)等重金属离子的漂洗废水。以硅藻土精土为基体,用碳酸钙作为改性剂制备改性硅藻土,对电解锌漂洗废水进行吸附实验研究。结果表明:在反应时间为150 min,碳酸钙改性硅藻土用量为3 g/L,pH为5.46,温度为25℃条件下,对废水进行吸附实验,吸附后废水中的Cu~(2+)和As5+离子浓度低于仪器检测线(0.01 mg/L和0.09 mg/L),Pb~(2+)浓度为0.16 mg/L,吸附后废水中Cu~(2+)、As5+和Pb~(2+)离子浓度均满足GB 25466—2010《铅锌工业污染物排放标准》的排放要求。同时,采用SEM、FTIR、XRD等对碳酸钙改性硅藻土进行表征,进一步探讨了碳酸钙改性硅藻土对重金属的吸附机理。     

Experimental investigation of the efficiency of triple rinsing of agricultural containers regarding their characterization as non-hazardous wastes

The efficiency of water rinsing for removing fenthion from non-combustible used pesticide containers was investigated. Four hundred empty containers from four olive oil producing areas in Greece were studied. Following triple rinsing cleaning procedures, the amount of fenthion retained in the container ranged from 0.01% to 0.1% w/w of its initial concentration. Extraction was accomplished with acetone, and the extracts were analyzed with a capillary gas chromatographic system coupled with flame ionization detector. The results obtained showed that triple rinsing is an effective procedure for removing fenthion from used pesticide containers, since the remaining pesticide concentration was below the legislated threshold value. Consequently, the containers can be handled as non-hazardous solid wastes.     

过滤-洗涤复合法净化饮食业油烟的试验研究

针对饮食业油烟捕集和清除的特点,开展了过滤-洗涤复合法净化油烟的试验研究。通过模拟试验给出了过滤风速、滤料厚度、喷液量和洗涤液浓度的合理范围,对过滤-洗涤式净化设备的研制与设计具有指导意义。     

陶瓷微滤膜深度处理炼油污水二级出水的效能及膜清洗研究

建立了炼油污水二级生化出水的陶瓷微滤膜深度处理系统,当膜孔径为0.2 mm、操作压力为0.12 MPa时,该系统对CODCr和SS的去除率分别达到79%以上和87%以上,出水达到生活杂用水水质标准.自动高压气体(0.5 MPa)反冲洗可有效地提高膜通量;反应系统中加入Al2(SO4)3絮凝剂(50 mg/(L d))与不加入时相比,可使膜通量提高近80%;采用NaOH、HNO3、NaClO溶液和家用洗涤灵进行化学清洗时,HNO3和NaClO先后使用的复合清洗方法效率最高.     

中空纤维超滤膜处理油田清水注水中试

为提高注水水质,采用PVC合金中空纤维超滤膜进行了油田清水注水处理的现场中试试验,对超滤膜的工艺运行、影响因素和处理效果进行研究。确定了超滤膜用于清水注水的最佳运行参数。试验结果表明:水温与膜通量之间具有良好的正线性相关性;产水SS、TI、SRB和FB满足且优于SY/T5329-94《碎屑岩油藏注水水质推荐指标及分析方法》中的A1级标准,DO不满足A1级标准;产水量保持在40 m3/h左右,满足注水水量要求。     

MF-UF组合工艺处理再生纸废水的实验研究

针对再生纸废水体系,采用0.2 μm陶瓷微滤膜 （MF）与截留分子量为50 000 Dalton的疏水性PS有机超滤膜 （UF）组合工艺对再生纸废水进行处理。实验结果表明,此组合工艺对再生纸废水COD的去除率可达到846%,处理的废水达到造纸工业水污染物排放标准;根据再生纸废水的性质对膜清洗再生进行了考察,陶瓷膜及超滤膜通量约分别恢复85%与80%左右。     

水面流湿地系统水质净化效果及河道洗盐动态规律--以天津泰达再生水景观河道生态修复中试工程为例

分析研究了天津开发区滨海盐碱土地区再生水景观河道水面流湿地生态修复中试工程水质净化效果以及河道洗盐动态变化规律。结果表明:水面流湿地系统对COD去除效果不明显,去除率最高仅为30 % ;对氮、磷具有较高的去除率,TN、NH4-N及NO3 --N的平均去除率分别达到6 5 %、38%和6 0 % ,TP和PO43 -的平均去除率分别达到87%和90 .2 %。另外在土壤盐分不断溶出的同时河道洗盐效果是明显的     

介孔γ -Al2O3的制备及其对F-的吸附性能研究

以硝酸铝和碳酸氢铵为原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法合成具有较高活性的介孔γ-Al2O3纳米材料.对合成的样品进行XRD、TEM和BET表征.结果表明:在N2气氛下煅烧所得样品与在空气中煅烧所得样品相比,其比表面积略有增加;在溶胶-凝胶过程中,用乙醇洗涤凝胶能显著提高产物的比表面积,所得产物比表面积高达390 m2/g,呈多孔结...     

四川泡菜产业面临的环境问题及对策研究

四川泡菜近年来已成为四川省农业支柱产业,成为现代农业产业发展的成功范例,但传统的泡菜生产工艺已不能满足日益提高的环境保护要求。从四川泡菜产业发展现状和环境保护要求出发,对泡菜产业发展面临的环境问题和危害进行了分析,提出了高含盐废水减量化和回收综合利用的对策措施,并应尽快完善行业水污染物排放标准和加快清洁生产技术的推行。     

Design of a European agrochemical plastic packaging waste management scheme—Pilot implementation in Greece

Mismanagement of Agrochemicals Plastic Packaging Waste (APPW) constitutes a major environmental problem, resulting in the pollution of soil, air and water resources and compromising the agricultural products safety, the protection of the environment and the public health. Systems for the management of APPW have been established in some European countries and they are operational for several years now. However, these schemes are incompatible while their operational conditions and technical criteria could be improved. In many countries no schemes exist yet for the management of APPW with serious negative consequences for the environment and public health. In response to these problems the European project AgroChePack has developed an environmental friendly, economically viable European APPW management scheme by transferring know-how from existing schemes, designing a new integrated APPW management scheme and testing it through pilot trials in five countries. This work presents the basic design principles established by AgroChePack by identifying problems and bottlenecks faced by existing schemes in Europe, by developing an integrated APPW scheme and by implementing, evaluating and optimising this scheme through pilot trials in Greece.